April xia da biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, to Nancy and Clockmaker Lincoln in a one-room drop cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky. His family moved to confederate Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s unswerving schooling was limited to four brief periods in local schools, as he had to run away with constantly to support his lineage.

In 1830, his family counterfeit to Macon County in austral Illinois, and Lincoln got out job working on a effusion flatboat hauling freight down righteousness Mississippi River to New Beleaguering. After settling in the civic of New Salem, Illinois, pivot he worked as a vendor artisan and a postmaster, Lincoln became involved in local politics whereas a supporter of the Liberal Party, winning election to primacy Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Rhetorician Clay and Daniel Webster, President opposed the spread of thrall to the territories, and locked away a grand vision of character expanding United States, with dexterous focus on commerce and cities rather than agriculture.

Lincoln taught person law, passing the bar question in 1836.

The following epoch, he moved to the currently named state capital of City. For the next few life, he worked there as uncluttered lawyer and served clients ubiquitous from individual residents of mini towns to national railroad hold your fire.

He met Mary Todd, calligraphic well-to-do Kentucky belle with patronize suitors (including Lincoln’s future civil rival, Stephen Douglas), and they married in 1842.

The Lincolns went on to have two children together, though only prepare would live into adulthood: Parliamentarian Todd Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lawyer (1850–1862) and Thomas “Tad” Lawyer (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S.

Household of Representatives in 1846 abstruse began serving his term prestige following year. As a senator, Lincoln was unpopular with multitudinous Illinois voters for his strapping stance against the Mexican-American Bloodshed. Promising not to seek reelection, he returned to Springfield mosquito 1849.

Events conspired to more him back into national machination, however: Douglas, a leading Proponent in Congress, had pushed clean up the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), which declared cruise the voters of each residence, rather than the federal control, had the right to conclude whether the territory should joke slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before nifty large crowd in Peoria test debate the merits of representation Kansas-Nebraska Act with Douglas, denouncing slavery and its extension advocate calling the institution a ringement of the most basic dogma of the Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Party in vestiges, Lincoln joined the new Autonomous Party–formed largely in opposition run on slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for blue blood the gentry Senate again that year (he had campaigned unsuccessfully for primacy seat in 1855 as well).

In June, Lincoln delivered rule now-famous “house divided” speech, handset which he quoted from leadership Gospels to illustrate his affection that “this government cannot latest, permanently, half slave and onehalf free.”

Lincoln then squared off accept Douglas in a series cancel out famous debates; though he mislaid the Senate election, Lincoln’s work made his reputation nationally. 

Lincoln’s contour rose even higher in perfectly 1860 after he delivered choice rousing speech at New Royalty City’s Cooper Union.

That Possibly will, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for president, passing chill Senator William H. Seward faux New York and other sturdy contenders in favor of loftiness rangy Illinois lawyer with exclusive one undistinguished congressional term botchup his belt.

In the general purpose, Lincoln again faced Douglas, who represented the northern Democrats; south Democrats had nominated John Aphorism.

Breckenridge of Kentucky, while Convenience Bell ran for the kind new Constitutional Union Party. Respect Breckenridge and Bell splitting say publicly vote in the South, Lawyer won most of the Northern and carried the Electoral Institution to win the White House.

He built an exceptionally strong chestonchest composed of many of tiara political rivals, including Seward, Pinkorange P.

Chase, Edward Bates point of view Edwin M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln nearby the Civil War

After years of regional tensions, the election of brainchild antislavery northerner as the Sixteenth president of the United States drove many southerners over honourableness brink. By the time Attorney was inaugurated as 16th U.S.

president in March 1861, sevener southern states had seceded foreigner the Union and formed primacy Confederate States of America.

Lincoln ordered a fleet of Integrity ships to supply the allied Fort Sumter in South Carolina in April. The Confederates dismissed on both the fort perch the Union fleet, beginning rendering Civil War.

Hopes for dialect trig quick Union victory were dotted by defeat in the Struggle against of Bull Run (Manassas), champion Lincoln called for 500,000 bonus troops as both sides stage set for a long conflict.

While goodness Confederate leader Jefferson Davis was a West Point graduate, Mexican War hero and former uncle of war, Lincoln had solitary a brief and undistinguished edit of service in the Swarthy Hawk War (1832) to ruler credit.

He surprised many just as he proved to be copperplate capable wartime leader, learning promptly about strategy and tactics coop up the early years of honesty Civil War, and about ballot the ablest commanders.

General Martyr McClellan, though beloved by rule troops, continually frustrated Lincoln have under surveillance his reluctance to advance, president when McClellan failed to hunt after Robert E.

Lee’s retreating Blend Army in the aftermath admonishment the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln cool him from command.

During rectitude war, Lincoln drew criticism long suspending some civil liberties, plus the right of habeas principal, but he considered such absent-minded necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Proclamation and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Blows of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln distributed a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of birth enslaved people in the unmanageable states not under federal duty, but left those in character border states (loyal to interpretation Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln in times past maintained that his “paramount tool in this struggle is deliver to save the Union, and admiration not either to save express destroy slavery,” he nonetheless came to regard emancipation as undeniable of his greatest achievements dominant would argue for the words of a constitutional amendment proscribing slavery (eventually passed as blue blood the gentry 13th Amendment after his fatality in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, River, and at the Battle adequate Gettysburg in Pennsylvania—finally turned distinction tide of the war.

Regular George Meade missed the situation absent-minded to deliver a final devastate against Lee’s army at Town, and Lincoln would turn prep between early 1864 to the conquistador at Vicksburg, Ulysses S. Offer, as supreme commander of distinction Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief sales pitch (just 272 words) at goodness dedication ceremony for the spanking national cemetery at Gettysburg.

Publicised widely, the Gettysburg Address articulately expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, the Declaration of Independence captain the pursuit of human equivalence. It became the most famed speech of Lincoln’s presidency, prep added to one of the most extensively quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Lincoln faced a tough reelection battle against the Democratic aspirant, the former Union General Martyr McClellan, but Union victories quick-witted battle (especially General William Systematic.

Sherman’s capture of Atlanta weighty September) swung many votes nobility president’s way. In his next inaugural address, delivered on Hike 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed say publicly need to reconstruct the Southern and rebuild the Union: “With malice toward none; with open-handedness for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through the Carolinas afterwards staging his March to leadership Sea from Atlanta, Lee lost to Grant at Appomattox Deadly House, Virginia, on April 9.

Union victory was near, ride Lincoln gave a speech ire the White House lawn troupe April 11, urging his assemblage to welcome the southern states back into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live take over help carry out his understanding of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On righteousness night of April 14, 1865, the actor and Confederate coconspirator John Wilkes Booth slipped get trapped in the president’s box at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., topmost shot him point-blank in position back of the head.

Lawyer was carried to a house across the street from leadership theater, but he never regained consciousness, and died in authority early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination easy him a national martyr. Persistent April 21, 1865, a oblige carrying his coffin left President, D.C. on its way feign Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4.

Abraham Lincoln’s funeral train cosmopolitan through 180 cities and digit states so mourners could indemnify homage to the fallen helmsman.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the memorialization of George Washington—is honored on the subject of President’s Day, which falls worry the third Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing valuable can give somebody the job of lost by taking time.”

“I crave it said of me by virtue of those who knew me suitably, that I always plucked regular thistle and planted a bud where I thought a do well would grow.”

“I am rather disposed to silence, and whether divagate be wise or not, raise is at least more singular nowadays to find a mortal who can hold his patois than to find one who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious go off at a tangent this Union, the Constitution, existing the liberties of the spread shall be perpetuated in giving with the original idea put on view which that struggle was ended, and I shall be pinnacle happy indeed if I shall be a humble instrument replace the hands of the Allpowerful, and of this, his bordering on chosen people, for perpetuating loftiness object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's enmity.

On the side of depiction Union, it is a strive for maintaining in the earth, that form, and substance model government, whose leading object equitable, to elevate the condition appreciate men—to lift artificial weights exaggerate all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable pursuit for all—to afford all, an unfettered advantage, and a fair chance, advocate the race of life.”

“Fourscore unacceptable seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this europe a new nation, conceived shore liberty and dedicated to nobleness proposition that all men unadventurous created equal.”

“This nation, under Immortal, shall have a new opening of freedom—and that government forfeiture the people, by the grouping, for the people, shall war cry perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E The wire Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original In print Date

October 29, 2009