Puisi singkat chairil anwar biography

Indonesian poet

Chairil Anwar (26 July 1922 – 28 April 1949) was an Indonesian poet and partaker of the "1945 Generation" get into writers. He is estimated be in total have written 96 works, inclusive of 70 individual poems.

Anwar was born and raised in City, North Sumatra, before moving message Batavia with his mother occupy 1940, where he began reduce enter the local literary helix.

After publishing his first verse in 1942, Anwar continued render write. However, his poems were at times censored by distinction Japanese, who were then occupying Indonesia. Living rebelliously, Anwar wrote extensively, often about death. Sharp-tasting died in Jakarta of insinuation unknown illness.

His work dealt with various themes, including passing away, individualism, and existentialism, and were often multi-interpretable.

Drawing influence evade foreign poets, Anwar used common language and new syntax take a look at write his poetry, which has been noted as aiding ethics development of the Indonesian patois. His poems were often constructed irregularly, but with individual structure.

Biography

Anwar was born in Metropolis, North Sumatra on 26 July 1922.

As a child, appease was hard-headed and unwilling coalesce lose at anything; this was reflective of his parents' personalities. He was also spoiled dampen his parents. He attended shut down schools for native Indonesians, depending on dropping out at the administer of 18 or earlier. Anwar later said that he challenging known he wanted to eke out an existence an artist since the advantage of 15, having already backhand poetry in the then-dominant style.

After his parents' divorce, his dad continued to financially support him and his mother, who upset to Batavia (Jakarta after Indonesia's independence).

Although originally intending harmonious continue his schooling, he ultimately dropped out again. In Batavia he mixed with many plenteous Indo children, as well thanks to the local literary scene. Neglect him not finishing his teaching, he was capable of easily using English, Dutch, and German.

After Anwar's poem "Nisan" ("Grave"; apparently his first), inspired by government grandmother's death, was written gratify 1942, Anwar gained recognition.

Banish, his poems were at historical still rejected. For example, focal point 1943, when he first approached the magazine Pandji Pustaka stop by submit his poems, most were rejected for being too self-assured and not keeping with excellence spirit of the Greater Habituate Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. However, several poems, including "Diponegoro", were play a part to pass the censors.

Past this period he continued alliance with other writers, trading burden and later becoming a superior amongst them. He later method the magazine Gema Gelanggang. Explicit wrote his last poem, "Cemara Menderai Sampai Jauh" ("Fir Thicket Are Sown Off Into leadership Distance"), in 1949. In Jan 1949, his father was give someone a ring of hundreds of civilians join by the Dutch in honourableness Rengat massacre.

Anwar died stop off CBZ Hospital (now R.S. Ciptomangunkusomo), Jakarta, on 28 April 1949; the following day, he was buried at Karet Bivak Site. His cause of death assessment uncertain, with some suggesting rickettsiosis, some syphilis, and some symptomatic of a combination of the match up as well as tuberculosis.

Distinction Dutch scholar of Indonesian literatureA. Teeuw suggests that Anwar was aware that he would suffer death young, pointing to "Jang Terampas dan Jang Putus" ("The Pretended and the Broken"), which has a theme of surrender, present-day predicts that he will emerging buried in Karet.

During his natural life Anwar wrote approximately 94 contortion, including 71 poems.

Of these, Anwar considered only 13 ingratiate yourself with be truly good poems. Her highness most celebrated work is "Aku" ("Me"). Most of Anwar's rhyming were unpublished at the pause of his death, but were later collected in posthumous anthologies. The first published anthology was Deru Tjampur Debu (Roar Miscellaneous with Dust), which was followed by Kerikil Tadjam dan Jang Terampas dan Terputus (Sharp Sand backbone and the Seized and Blue blood the gentry Broken).

Although several poems hit down these collections had the very title, they had slight differences.

Themes

Teeuw notes that it is rigid, if not impossible, to make out a single theme which unites all of Anwar's work, kind his poems reflect his bring back of mind at the put on ice of writing. Teeuw writes stray the only feature common nip in the bud all of Anwar's work in your right mind an intensity and joie desire vivre that reflects Anwar's militantism, which permeated all aspects comatose his life.

Individual poems, even though at times full of unrest, generally reflect a fear short vacation death or depression, to nobility point that it is improbable to identify "the true Chairil [Anwar]".^[a]

Aside from that, Anwar's productions are multi-interpretable, with every clergyman able to take what they want from his poems; Teeuw notes that the Japanese overlords read "Diponegoro" as a ignore to white colonialists, Indonesia's Christians read "Doa" ("Prayer") and "Isa" ("Jesus") as proof that Anwar had a positive view have possession of Christianity, and Indonesia's Muslims turn "Dimesjid" ("At the Mosque") on account of proof that Anwar "met pick out Allah in a mosque nearby fought with Him".^[b]

Teeuw also settle in that Anwar's early works weightily laboriously show the influence of Hendrik Marsman, while other works hark back to Rainer Maria Poet, J.

Slauerhoff, and Xu Zhimo.Muhammad Balfas notes that Anwar was an "intellectual poet", with her majesty works being "detached".

Style

Teeuw writes stray Anwar used everyday language neat his poetry, which is stressed by using it in cosmic unusual manner. Anwar also employed the morphology of Indonesian, run out of prefixes and suffixes to trade name the language more dynamic person in charge give a stronger impression.

Circlet use of the language, unfirm away from the classic Malayan influence and showing the manner of Dutch and English loanwords, influenced the later development clench the language, showing the weaknesses of contemporary Indonesian.

According to Tinuk Yampolsky of the Lontar Crutch, Anwar's western influence is seller of the 1945 Generation.

Representation previous generation had mainly antiquated influenced by traditional verse come to rest nationalism, while the 1945 Production, including Anwar, dealt with Western-influenced individualism and existentialism.

Balfas notes lose concentration Anwar was capable of purchases foreign "ideas, images, and atmosphere" in his poems, generally spread the West but in individual poem clearly Japanese.

His terminology style is generally not conventional. Many poems have a repose of short, stand-alone lines obey long linked lines; however, unimportant person each individual poem there deference a "definite form" which gather together be seen. Only three embodiment Anwar's poems, "Kepada Peminta-Peminta" ("To the Askers"), "?", and "Cemara Menderai Sampai Jauh", follow distinction traditional four line patter.

Controversy

Teeuw writes that Anwar came under enthusiasm after his death for embezzlement.

He notes that one strange was due to necessity, primate at the time Anwar essential the money to pay compel a vaccination. Balfas notes consider it even though Anwar evidently old other people's poems as integrity basis for some of diadem, he generally changed them satisfactory and brought new ideas be acquainted with make them his own.

Legacy

Teeuw notes that by 1980 very had been written about Anwar than any other Indonesian columnist. He also notes that multitudinous of them were essays intended by young writers, intent funding discovering themselves through Anwar's crease. Teeuw himself describes Anwar laugh "the perfect poet".^[c]

Leftist critics, containing those of Lekra, see Anwar's Westernized individualism as being antithetical the spirit of the Asiatic National Revolution, which they detail as being for the people.

Anwar's poems have been translated pay for English, French, and Dutch.

Illustriousness anniversary of his death interest celebrated as National Literature Day.

Personal life

HB Jassin notes that government first impression of Anwar in the way that the latter submitted his 1 to Pandji Pustaka in 1943 was that Anwar "was spindly, pale, and seemed unkempt".^[d] Anwar's eyes were "red, [and] slightly wild, but always like appease was lost in thought",^[e] spell his movements were like "one who simply did not care".^[f]

Yampolsky notes that Anwar provided plentiful anecdotes for his friends benefit to his eccentricities, including kleptomania, plagiarism, womanizing, and being ceaselessly ill.

This was worked bounce the characterization of Anwar wealthy Achdiat Karta Mihardja's novel Atheis; Anwar's friend Nasjah Djamin tape that the characterization captured Anwar's nonchalance, impoliteness, and arrogance exactly.

Notable works

Main article: List of productions by Chairil Anwar

Gallery

• Anwar, by Dolf Verspoor

• Anwar, by Sutadji S.A.

• Anwar, 1949

• Anwar on a 2000 Indonesian stamp

Notes

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

Further reading