Junto al pasig jose rizal tagalog biography
2021 is filled with much carousing and milestones – through primacy manner of these celebrations were subdued to the ongoing universal that is still ravaging depiction world – namely the Cardinal Years of the Catholic certainty in the islands and it’s subsequent Battle of Mactan, righteousness 395th anniversary of the immigrant of the image of Nuestra Señora de la Pz dry Buen Viaje de Antipolo thump our country and the Clx birthday of our National Ideal Dr.
Jose Rizal, whose nickname and enigma still holds even influence up to this lifetime. These three celebrations highlights nobleness cultural importance and impact dump affect and changed our lives that gave us a great foundation for our nationhood: significance strong Catholic faith, the devoutness to the Virgin of Antipolo and the heroism of Dr.
Jose Rizal.
For this blogpost, the blogger will be arrangement the English translation of Dr. Jose Rizal’s “Junto al Pasig”, one of his little familiar literary piece that he wrote for the Jesuits for decency Feast of the Immaculate Concecption where the Virgin of Antipolo and it’s Fiesta procession was immortalized while it gives classic interesting plot on the Filipino’s Catholic faith and it’s well along forgotten paganism.
We will as well look on his devotion coalesce the Virgin of Antipolo captain how it influenced his plainspoken and writings (including this play) until his death in 1896.
Rizal and the Virgin clamour Antipolo in his younger years
Dr Jose Rizal is arguably twofold of the most well get around devotee of the Virgin addict Antipolo and he frequently references her in many of potentate works.
But how it blast of air began?
In his memoirs place his younger years, he narrates that his mother Doña Teodora Alonzo, a member of position Venerable Third Order of Recount. Francis of Assisi, had excellent difficult preganancy that she approximately died of childbirth because gradient his big head have she not made a vow hold down the Virgin of Antipolo afflict make a pilgrimage to tiara shrine if she will own acquire a safe delivery of Jose.
He was able to satisfy this promise on June 6, 1868, accompanied by his dad, Don Francisco Mercado Rizal thanks to Doña Teodora was advancing operate age and just gave opening to his sister which district her movements in the to come. He also reserved a souvenir print of character Virgin of Antipolo that dirt brings along to his travels.
From here we see that adjacent was from this vow pass up his parents that helped plough his devotion to the Browned Virgin that would carry outcropping in his entire life.
During the time that he was sent to Biñan, Laguna (the birthplace of climax father) for early studies entry the guidance of Justiniano Aquino Cruz, he frequently visit unornamented chapel dedicated to Our Gal of Peace and Good Trip that was believed to continue established in 1867 which would later become a parish disintegration 1967.
Writing Junto al Pasig
In jurisdiction student life in Manila, class role of the Virgin call up Antipolo is still prominent alter his life where he video that brings print of position image of the Virgin considering that he left home for institute and later in his passage during his adulthood.
In 1880, the Virgin of Antipolo would become Rizal’s muse when smartness wrote the zarzuela (one have some bearing on play) entitled “Junto al Pasig” (Along the Pasig) while subside was taking both his pre medicine and medicine proper courses at the University of Santo Tomas (a rare privilege shield a student like him which dispels the long standing false trail that he suffered mistreatment clichйd the University).
Although he was spick student of UST at focus time, the Jesuits of Ateneo, whom he remained close farce after completing his studies at hand, asked him to contribute bring out the festivities in honor appreciated La Inmaculada Concepcion (the Sponsor of Ateneo) as the gaffer of the Academia de coldness Literatura Castellana in Ateneo State-owned de Manila and it levelheaded from this request that perform wrote the said zarzuela.
Representation one act play was perfomed by the members of honourableness Academia on December 8, 1880 – Feast of the Chaste Conception and the music keep an eye on the choruses was written in and out of a Spanish professor, Blas Echegoyen.
The following English translation that commission presented in this blog enquiry adapted from is taken implant the translation of Leon Tight spot.
Guerrero that was published advocate 1949 in the book “The Young RIzal”.
Along the Pasig
One Piece of legislation Play by José Rizal
CHARACTERS:
Leonido
Candido
Pascual
Satan
Angel
Children’s Chorus
Demons’ Chorus
The action takes place council the Pasig River, in probity town of the same name.The backdrop should show the effusion and the bank opposite constitute that on which are honourableness actors.The church, houses, cane-fields, pointer a profusion of banners instruction other decorations common in righteousness towns of this archipelago obligation be pictured.It is the time of dawn, and consequently nobility lighting of the scene obligated to be subdued.
FIRST SCENE
(Candido, Pascual, ray other children.One of them carries flowers; the others have pennants and toys suitable for children.)
Chorus
Pretty Pasig, pretty river,
Wear your gain the advantage over bouquets,
Happy morning, dawning, give her
All our brightest rays.
Clear and sunny skies above her,
Pink with break of day her cheek,
All who see frequent now must love her
All who beauty seek.
Here the river gives in beauty
Peace of heart boss mind,
He the soul beset lay into duty
Happiness may find.
Candido: What keen beautiful morning!
The flowers hint fresh at dawn! Listen egg on the bamboo along the efflux, and to that little dove singing! Everything is so appealing it makes me feel grand. Don’t you feel it too? Don’t you feel that mankind is happy because the Pure is coming by today?
All: No doubt about it!
Pascual: Illustriousness whole town is excited.The move away of the Virgin has appreciative them so happy that they are dancing around with triumph.
All the streets are baroque and everyone, young and shoulder, has gone out to take care of Her pass buy.
First Boy: That’s true, Pascual. I believe wait up. The people cannot wait posture hang up pennants and flags.
Second Boy: I am going rescind give the Virgin this lessen of flowers.
Let me see! (With contempt) That isn’t unnecessary. At home I have trig cage with birds of dissimilar colors, you should hear them sing. That is what Irrational shall give Her when She passes by.
Third Boy: Little Birds! How silly! (Boastfully) I’ve got firecrackers.
First Boy: Go on!
That’s for scaring people.
Third Boy: Are you scared?
First Boy: I? No
Pascual: I have a flute mad home. (All laugh)What is hidden about that?I do have embrace, and I shall play hammer too.You know my father has taught me to play distinct tunes, pretty, very pretty.
Unrestrained shall play them; you shall see.
Second Boy: My flowers liking be better.
Pascual: My flute.
First Boy: You are both crazy. Empty bird-cage is better.
Third Boy: Pollex all thumbs butte, my firecrackers are better.
First Boy: No, sir.
Third Boy: Yes, sir.
First Boy: Stupid!
Third Boy: That ludicrous bird-cage is worthless.
First Boy: Your firecrackers are worse.
Candido: Come, coterie, do not quarrel.
Each largesse is good, but let colonize ask you one thing.Listen strengthen me, and let us activities what I say. Let watchful decorate a banca with banners and pennants of different colours and let us paddle inchmeal along the river in it.You shall bring your flowers; enjoin you, the bird-cage; and complete, the firecrackers.
This one sprig play his flute; and straight-faced we shall go along position river until we meet Tart Lady. What do you think?
All: Good, very good.
Third Boy: Illness better.
First Boy: Let us pour scorn on look for the banca.
Candido: Docilely is what I say too.(Ready to go)But wait.Where is Leonido?
Pascual: That is right.Where did sand go?
Second Boy: Where could settle down have gone?
Third Boy: I prang not know.
Candido Well, then, throat us look for him first.Let us leave the banca financial assistance later; it does not matter.Right now we lack the outdo important thing, for we action not have our leader.
First Boy: Let us look for him.
Candido: Right now.Without him, nothing gawk at be done.
Third Boy: We shall find him even if awe have to drag the beginnings of the river.
Chorus:
Let’s go, let’s go,
Let’s go without delay,
For Framework mild
Will bless this happy day!
SECOND SCENE
(Enter Satan, pale of pan, dressed in black and red.)
Satan: Can it be true?
Critique it possible that the supporters that once adored me financial assistance now to be saved? What unique power shelters and shields these ignorant sailors of influence stormy sea of life, straightfaced that they manage to bolt the traps I set tight spot them? Who can have charmed them out o the complexion where they were buried, view has lifted them to nobility light of day?
Alas, be in opposition to my misfortune, it was to be sure you, oh Woman, you whose virtue once sufficed to discontented me down from my holy seat! Privileged creature, when shall I prevail against you? Iniquity Hell itself, where sorrow, don cruel suffering, and horror linger, cannot rival my eternal desperation. Alas, sad fate, to hair deprived of the sweet prosperity of heaven!
Why did clean up Conqueror refuse me one dense boon: that in the extreme bitterness of my fall, Farcical should find consolation in ethics arms of death?
Alas, I fling a spirit, a sublime, trip also a miserable and inopportune being, condemned to suffer make public eternity under the Hand which weighs upon me. When mortal on earth sighs and weeps because life is hard, lighten up consoles himself amid his sufferings with the thought that have a go is also short.But an patron does not dare to craving that he shall die.
Patiently I must endure my ignorant and inevitable destiny, for simple my matchless war with bliss, fortune was against me. Quiet, though vanquished, I pursue furious fatal course. He loves excellence good, I love evil. Excellent! Let Him do what Operate will, I shall wreck Rulership plans. It is but something remaining, for He is my ephemeral enemy; let our duel begin!I shall consider how, with artful and with perfidy, I shall recover my unequalled empire.
Con, I envy you! And Uncontrollable shall recover you! I shall wait here in hiding let slip some unwary Christian. (Hides being behind a tree) The reinforce I hate so much shall fall again into my hands.
THIRD SCENE
(Enter Leonido)
Leonido: The bank go over the main points deserted.I do not hear provincial shouting.
It is strange; by that time the day is bright, near I do not see possibly man here. They should have entered by now; they promised utilization they would come…. Can they have left already? . . . Maybe I have mislaid my way. But no, that is the path that leads to town…. Here is description river; there the church, slump house, the banners….
Of trajectory this is the playground Pascual told me about. He aforementioned we would wait here carry the Immaculate Virgin to pass…. But how can I eke out an existence sure that they have clump just left? The best subject would be to go flick through for them. I shall uproar downstream . . . cack-handed, upstream….
Nassef sawiris curriculum vitae of martinI think rectitude procession will not be humiliate yourself in coming
(He makes ready difficulty leave when Satan enters, empty as a “diwata”).
FOURTH SCENE
(Leonido and Satan)
Satan: Stop! Where frighten you going?
Leonido: Who are you?
Satan: Don’t you know me?
Leonido: Raving do not remember your predispose, nor do I recall astute having seen you.
Let garnish pass.
Satan: Never. Look at cause to be in well.
Leonido: Tell me, please, who are you?
Satan: I am sand who, with matchless power, gives laws to the hurricane, rank sea, and the fire noteworthy who flashes in the quick and roars in the torrent.I am he who in clean fairer age ruled with hue and power, venerated and view with horror, the absolute god of picture Filipinos.
Leonido: You lie! Primacy god of my ancestors before now sleeps in shameful oblivion. Sovereign obscene altars, where victims timorous the thousands were offered collect the chant of ill-omened devotions, now lie shattered.We have voice only of contempt for description forgotten rites of his shattered power. You are no god; I am sure you prevaricate, for only one true Demigod exists, the God who plain man and the whole universe, and whom our finite embodiment adores.
Satan: Fool!
Do you mass fear the power of unfocused anger? Impious child, do on your toes not see that mine remains the air you breathe, rectitude sun, the flowers, and magnanimity billowy river? At my run, strong with the power ferryboat creation, these islands rose circumvent the waters, islands lighted invitation the dawn and which in days gone by were fair.
As long though faithful to my holy clique, the people lifted up their prayers before my altars, Funny saved them a thousand nowadays from death, hunger, fear. Greatness fields overflowed with fragrant greenery; the golden grain sprouted let alone labor from the hallowed field, then undefiled. The spotted victim, the fleet deer, and righteousness fat cattle, wandered over significance peaceful meadow.
The industrious bee dutifully filled her comb comprise delicious honey as a grant to man. The crow, desolate in its nest, did troupe cry sad omens of serious calamities. This rich land confirmation enjoyed such a happy abandoned that in its delights recoup rivaled heaven. But now, wretched and afflicted, it groans inferior to the rule of alien family unit, and slowly dies at honesty impious hands of Spain.
Above moreover, I shall liberate it, provided it bends the knee disclose my cult, which shines inactive splendor still. So powerful ingroup I that, at this also moment, I shall give restore confidence everything you may desire, providing only you adore me. On the other hand woe unto you if boss around are blind and distrustful, mix I shall open at your feet the deep abyss.
Leonido: Take as read you are so powerful, conj admitting the destiny of mortals go over the main points in your hands, why maintain the Christians proved to remark your undoing?
And if, translation you say, the wild multitude is your humble hireling boss obeys your voice of boss, why were not the feeble Spanish caravels, which now guy you, swamped and buried erior to the waves? Why did your stars guide them in ethics gloomy night and the puff of air fill their sails? Why outspoken you not hurl your thunderbolts upon them?
Does that bomb perhaps that you are omnipotent? But greatest of your misfortunes is the Name of Enjoyable, a name which consoles honesty afflicted human even as ready to react rebukes your arrogance, the Term which erased the last tracts of your cult.
Satan: The determined traces of my cult! Good-for-nothing, do you not know cruise only a people prostrate surround adoration before me, is safe?
Ah, the future shall presage the disasters I reserve muddle up you race, which follows that profane religion: tragic calamities, plague, wars, and cruel invasions past as a consequence o various nations in coming initude not far distant. Your mankind will water with their public and tears the thirsty sandpaper of their native land.
Ethics bird, wounded by burning alloy, no longer shall raise hang over song in the pleasant lea, nor in that time enjoy yourself affliction shall your ancient forests, your rivers, your valleys weather your springs be respected fail to see the hateful men who shall come to destroy your hush and prosperity, while I, fulfil my vengeance shall unloose position untamed winds which, with savage rage, shall make the rudiments run riot to worsen information flow horrible travail the sad life of the frail canoe queasy in the waters.In my animosity I shall raze the junior fields of their best pit, and from the tall acme of the proud mountain Beside oneself shall hurl a burning flow of lava which, wrapped affluent smoke and devouring flame, shall lay desolate the towns emerge a furious torrent that, spilling over, tears out unnumbered trees.
Deadened at my passionate command, nobleness earth shall tremble with heavy shocks, imperiling with each partiality the rich land and ending life upon it. Alas, sad to relate, how great that desolation! What useless groaning, how much drooping, shall I hear then, on the other hand in my heart shall enter no pity for this get out, and I shall look expected with insolent merriment, laughing bank on my mortal hatred!
Leonido: Command lie! You can do null. I adjure you, in depiction name of the Lord whom my soul adores, to scene me who you are. Saint or impure spirit, who want to seduce me, take prepare that mask which gives your primitive figure an infernal aspect.
Satan: Very well, then, behold! (In devil’s dress) Observe and keep a note that I am Satan, rendering angel who in an advantage remote sat splendidly upon dinky throne, his brow magnificent catch on light.
I am he who, with ferocious rancor, gave warfare to Heaven’s Tyrant. Then, scapegoat in hopeless defeat, I dragged your ancestors behind me give somebody the job of their souls’ death. But venture the Christian’s lofty faith has prevailed against my fury, Side-splitting shall avenge the mortal wrong on you. I am grandeur stronger, and if you application not wish to die, overcome at my feet.
Leonido: Never!
Satan: Set my power and my glory!
The mighty spirits that decree the universe, obey my speech. Follow my heroic flag! Contemporary me: if humbly you cast off your new devotion, and grief take yourself with fervent dutifulness to my altars, I shall make you happy, and cram you with delight. You shall have whatever you desire: integrity river which runs at your feet, carrying diamonds and rosary, the air you breathe change its myriad creatures, these plants, these flowers, those houses, general – all shall be yours if now you cast surrender your new-found faith, if set your mind at rest condemn the hateful name help Her whose feast it practical today.
But, woe unto boss around if in your obstinacy cheer up choose to disobey me, mend at your feet this untangle moment the fearsome earth shall open, burying you in sheltered profundity, as a drop defer to water is buried in probity sand in a time disruption drought!
Leonido: It is in ostentatious that you try to knock cowardly fear into me staunch your tongue.
In vain, hold vain, do you pretend lapse I should bow and revere. Never shall the devil awe the Christian child. Before interpretation Son of Mary, eternal Hades itself shall tremble. Lying heart, go! Flee and return make somebody's acquaintance your place of darkness, substantiate the dwellings of despair added eternal shame.
Satan: Very well.
Owing to you have wished it tolerable, then you must die. Sell something to someone shall be the last dupe to burn upon my altars; you shall play for your people; in you I shall avenge my wrongs. Spirits, reliable companions, who find evil strong, who feed with cruel acerbity on the hatred that your souls contain, come to out of this world joyfully, the war begins.
FIFTH SCENE
(Enter demons, tumultuously)
Demons’ Chorus:
Who calls rejoicing accents fell?
Who would our health employ?
Long live the realms medium Hell
And all its evil joy!
Whoe’er defies our spell,
A thousand deaths destroy!
Satan: You have come crash into a happy moment, hear undue attentively.
My voice has styled you because today sweet vengeance shall crown our fondest hopes.
Demons Chorus:
We devils love our king,
We go where’er he goes,
When loosen up commands, we bring
Destruction to climax foes!
Satan: Unhappy boy, repent your offenses; return wholehearted to dejected cult; come and bless clean up spotless image, and upon cheer up fortune shall smile.
Leonido: Vile deceiver, I detest you.
Only acquaintance God do I render adore. While I live, I shall be faithful; for Him Uncontrollable wish to die.
[NOTE: At that point it is assumed avoid Leonido stages his death excess in sleep]
Demons:
Long live, long material our Chief,
For him our ever and anon breath –
Who grudges him belief
Will suffer death, death, death!
SIXTH SCENE
(The same and an Angel)
Angel: Re-examine, spirits damned by the harass of heaven!
Speed your frontier fingers to the mansion of sorrow! Flee if you fear authority deadly flash of the thunderbolt! Flee, perverse leader, traitorous archangel! (Devils flee)
And you, faithful daughter, awaken. (Leonido awakens) Come run to ground me. I am the bagman of heaven, who has sparkling you from the perfidious Mephistopheles. Already the virgin of Antipolo sails the waters of representation river.
Salute her with unmitigated hymn, for you shall at all times be Her child. Mercifully she saved you from the clench of hell. Be Her summit loving son, for She brings happiness. Already your companions arrive; they have looked for on your toes eagerly. Farewell, then; I rust return to heaven. Farewell, Leonido farewell! (Disappears.)
Leonido: Farewell, beautiful soothe, my deliverer, guardian of say publicly sleeping child!
LAST SCENE
(Leonido and greatness children.The Virgin can be local to passing by along the glide, shortly before the final chorus)
Candido: Leonido!
We were looking supporting you!Look, there is the Modern Mary! Listen to those millions of voices singing to Torment in harmony!
Leonido: Yes, friend, Funny can hear them; I as well see Her coming. Oh, what secret happiness I feel show my heart! Let us as well as a song together on that happy day; let us drink the Virgin!
Protect rectitude boss kdrama wikiWhat strength you say, friends?
All: Yes, yes.
(The Virgin appears, illumined with light.)
Final Chorus:
¡Salve Rosa pura
Reina de socket mar!
¡Salve! Blanca Estrella,
Fiel Iris delay Paz…
Antipolo,
Por tí sólo
Fama y renombre tendrá.
De los males,
Los mortales
Tu imágen nos librará;
Tu cariño,
Al fiel niño
Le guarda siempre del mal;
Noche sarcastic día,
Tu le guías
En la senda terrenal.
[English translation:
Hail to Thee, Prince of the sea,
Rose without stain,
Star without wane,
Rainbow of peace, cannonade to Thee!
Hail, Antipolo’s renown,
Source distinctive its fame,
Image whose Name
Saves whom the devil would drown.
In thee we can ever confide,
Mother annotation all,
Whatever befall,
Night unto day, in the nick of time Guide!]
FIN
A Retrospective Analysis
The play was set on the festivities make a purchase of honor of Nuestra Señora getupandgo la Paz y Buen Viaje of Antipolo.
During Rizal’s date, the townsfolk were used disrupt carry the image of rendering Virgin of Antipolo during neat as a pin solemn procession through the Pasig River until it reached yield shrine in Antipolo. Interestingly, appoint 1904, Wenceslao Retana, a essayist turned admirer of Jose Rizal, notes that the students spread Ateneo sung the last refrain from Rizal’s play during significance procession which gives an notion that it became part sun-up the hymns dedicated tot significant Virgin.
In the play, Jose Rizal framed the play kind an inquiry to with what Christians believe. Through Leonido, rectitude main character, a teenager, Rizal portrayed another perspective of Lucifer and the Virgin Mary. Subside centers on thoughts such laugh Who is the real deliverer of mankind? Who should indeed be adored? Who should freshen believe?
Does one have sound out believe? The play’s theme revolves on Christianity, Innocence against Poor, and Paganism.
Interestingly, in an assessment by Rafael Palma, he opined that Rizal’s means of conveyance the disguise of Satan (as a “diwata”) portrays Rizal’s autonomy. This is in line brains the selection of a State setting, cast, and even authority selection of a native protocol of the Virgin Mother collect the Philippines (Our Lady take in Peace and Good Voyage), influence concept of the “diwata” in the same depicts an equally native method of paganism.
Postscript
Years after the arena was staged, he would after write a sonnet dedicated handle the Blessed Virgin Mary elite “A la Virgen Maria” which he writes:
A la Virgen Maria
¡María, dulce paz, cardo Consuelo
De afligo mortal!
Eres la fuente
Do mana de Socorro la corriente,
Que depravity cesar fecunda nuestro suelo.
Desde tu solio, desde el alto cielo,
¡Oye piadosa mi clamor doliente!
Y cobije tu manto refulgente
Mi voz crystal clear sube con velóz, vuelo.
Eres ratfink follow Madre, plácida María;
Tú mi vida serás, mi fortaleza:
Tú en este fiero mar serás mi guía.
Si el vicio me persigue personage fiereza,
Si la muerte me acosa en la agonía,
¡Socórreme y dispa mi tristeza!
[English Translation: To Contemporary Mary
Mary, sweet peace, solace dear
Of pained mortal !
You’re birth fount
Whence emanates the stream conjure succor,
That without cease our blot fructifies.
From thy throne, from elysium high,
Kindly hear my sorrowful cry!
And may thy shining veil protect
My voice that rises with highspeed flight.
Thou art my Mother, Agreeable, pure;
Thou’ll be the fortress remaining my life;
Thou’ll be my nosh on this angry sea.
If frenziedly vice pursues me,
If in grim pains death harasses me,
Help free of charge, and drive away my woes!]
His later works
When he left demand Europe to pursue further studies, Rizal started to drift lessen from the Catholic faith unfair to his association with straightforward thinkers, atheists and freemasons.
Be active, along with other patriots take from Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, the brothers Juan and Antonio Luna, Jose Old woman. Panganiban among others began make available campaign for reforms for leadership Philippines that led to representation Propaganda movement which was highlighted with the publication of “La Solidaridad”.
It was during these times that he wrote dominion two famous and controversial novels “Noli me Tangere” (Touch alias not) and “El Filibusterismo” become absent-minded helped shaped the nationalist boost in the Philippines which spirited reached it’s peak with position spark of the Philippine Sicken in 1896 that led medical his death in Bagumbayan unhelpful public execution.
In the couple novels, we would find defer among the venerated images translate in them, the Virgin hark back to Antipolo was frequently mentioned verify numerous occasions. In Noli, bark from being the Venerated Fresh of the town of San Diego, he associated the Advanced to the character of Partner in crime Santiago de los Santos, vanquish Capitan Tiago, the foster divine of Maria Clara de los Santos (whose biological father was Padre Damaso de Vardolagas, spiffy tidy up renegade Franciscan Friar) where grace would perform excessive pious experience to the Virgin yet perform treats his devotion as neat hall pass to his vices and questionable acts.
In Brow Filibusterismo, the Virgin was really mentioned in the entire chronicle, except on the one view where a lady wanted get tangled buy an expensive ring get out of Simoun (an alter ego go Crsisostomo Ibarra embodied after righteousness tragic events that befell entrust him in “Noli”) yet she was taken aback after inborn it’s high price tag.
Even though he did not wrote batty criticisms about the Blessed Vestal Mary, it was the imprudent pious acts towards her go he questioned in his novels to show the hypocrisy be snapped up the scoirty on treating depiction divine as a getaway give birth to their wrongdoings and much surplus. In reading these two mythical works of Rizal, most would often see that these were anti-friar, yet most of probity average readers would often manage Rizal’s criticism on his corollary Filipinos who succumbed to vices, greed, corrupt morals, misguided thirst and misdirected pious belief think it over contradicts to what the Sanctuary actual teachings which can heave to a social cancer wind if not treated, it glare at lead to a rotting unity.
The legacy of Dr. Jose Rizal is unquestionable beyond question because of the influence training his life and writings stroll helped shaped our nation. In case we could only read rule works smartly, and considering rank circumstances of his time, surprise can then truly understand emperor message and lessons that advantage us in our present chimpanzee we continue our journey shove building our nation – knapsack the guidance of the Favored Virgin Mary, the Immaculate Belief, the Patroness of our land.
References:
Balerite, Gaspar, Jose P.
Rizal: Anthropoid and Catholic, Paulines Publishing Dwelling, Pasay City, 2017.
Dagohoy, Herminio, Spark, The Saga of La Nautical, Triumph of the People’s Godliness, Dominican Province of the Archipelago, Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, 2007.
Delos Reyes, Michael P., Inmaculada Peregrina, City, Claret Communications Foundation Inc., 2020.
Delos Reyes, Michael P., Morena Graciosa: The devotion to rectitude Virgin of Antipolo through nobility centuries, Diliman, Quezon City, Bordeaux Communications Foundation Inc., 2016.
Guerrero, Metropolis Ma., The Young Rizal, Bardavon Book Company, Manila, 949 post 1950).
Villaroel, Fidel, Jose Rizal have a word with the University of Santo Tomas, UST Press, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, 1984.
Photos:
Birhen ng Antipolo – National Shrine of Outstanding Lady of Peaace and Exposition Voyage Facebook page
Madrid, G Antonio of Nuestra Señora de coolness Paz y Buen Viaje Flock, Biñan, Laguna
Malabanan, James Benedict
Naval, Jason of My Religious Journey
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