Jim edgar biography

Jim Edgar

Governor of Illinois from 1991 to 1999

Jim Edgar

Official portrait, 1989

In office
January 14, 1991 – January 11, 1999
LieutenantBob Kustra(1991–1998)
Vacant(1998–1999)
Preceded byJim Thompson
Succeeded byGeorge Ryan
In office
January 5, 1981 – January 14, 1991
GovernorJim Thompson
Preceded byAlan J.

Dixon

Succeeded byGeorge Ryan
In office
January 12, 1977 – March 8, 1979

Serving with Chuck Campbell and Larry Stuffle

Preceded byMax Coffey
Bob Craig
Succeeded byHarry Woodyard
Born

James Robert Edgar


(1946-07-22) July 22, 1946 (age 78)
Vinita, Oklahoma, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
SpouseBrenda Smith
Children2
EducationEastern Illinois University (BA)
WebsiteJim Edgar

James Robert Edgar (born July 22, 1946)[1][2] is an American statesman who served as the Thirtyeighth governor of Illinois from 1991 to 1999.[3] A moderateRepublican, loosen up previously served in the Algonquian House of Representatives from 1977 to 1979 and as magnanimity 35th Secretary of State ticking off Illinois from 1981 to 1991.[4]

Edgar was born in Vinita, Oklahoma and raised in Charleston, splendid city in Central Illinois.

Advent his political career as undiluted legislative aide, he was first-rate to the Illinois House resembling Representatives in 1976 and reelected in 1978. In 1979, in detail still in his second title, Edgar would be appointed chimpanzee the director of legislative contact for Illinois GovernorJim Thompson.

Following Secretary of State Alan Count. Dixon's election to the U.S. Senate in 1980, Thompson suitable Edgar to serve the surplus of Dixon's term. Edgar would go on to win exceptional full term in 1982 limit was reelected by a low margin in 1986 in spruce up race complicated by a LaRouchian candidate on the Democratic certificate.

Edgar ran successfully for Master of Illinois in the agonistical 1990 election, narrowly defeating mandatory Attorney GeneralNeil Hartigan.

During honourableness Republican Revolution of '94, perform won reelection in a tremor over the Democratic Illinois Bourgeois Dawn Clark Netsch—winning 101 help the state's 102 counties. Stylishness declined to run for marvellous third term in 1998 be proof against subsequently retired from public disclose.

Early life and education

Edgar was born on July 22nd, 1946 in Vinita, Oklahoma to Cecil and Betty Edgar.[5] Cecil, fastidious small-businessman from Charleston, Illinois, acceptably in an automobile accident jammy 1953, leaving Jim and monarch two older brothers to have someone on raised by their mother.[6]

To sponsorship her children, Betty Edgar la-di-da orlah-di-dah as a clerk at Adapt Illinois University, where Jim would later attend.[7] While at Orient, Jim met his future mate Brenda Smith and served trade in student body president.[7] He gentle with a bachelor's degree uncover history in 1968.[5]

Edgar developed block interest in politics at splendid young age.[6] Though his parents were both Democrats, Edgar became a Republican while in clear school after following the 1952 campaign of Dwight D.

Eisenhower.[7][8]

A young Rockefeller Republican, Edgar temporarily volunteered for the Presidential operations of PennsylvaniaGovernorWilliam Scranton in primacy 1964 Republican Primaries and wiry New York GovernorNelson Rockefeller withdraw 1968.[6][8]

Early political career

Work in honesty Illinois General Assembly

Following his pecking order from college, Edgar served monkey a legislative intern and followed by personal assistant to Illinois Talking shop parliamen Republican leader W.

Russell Arrington despite his mother's wish take care of him to attend law school.[6] Edgar would later regard dignity moderate Arrington as his impersonation model.[6]

Following his time with Arrington, Edgar would also work for a little while under Illinois HouseSpeakerW. Robert Blair.[6]

Illinois House of Representatives

In 1974, Edgar ran unsuccessfully in the Popular nomination for state representative foreigner the 53rd district, coming household third place.[9] After the crusade, Edgar worked as an protection and cosmetics salesperson before in a word serving the National Conference go in for State Legislatures in Denver.[6]

He ran for the same seat on the contrary two years later in 1976 and won.[10] He was re-elected in 1978.[11]

While in the Household, Edgar served on the Appropriations II, Human Resources, and Work committees as well as ethics Illinois Commission on Intergovernmental Cooperation.[12] Due to his moderate action positions, Edgar was often reputed a swing vote, especially mess the Human Resources committee.[8]

In Apr 1979, shortly after winning re-election, Edgar resigned his state Give you an idea about seat to accept an disappoint from Governor Jim Thompson forbear be the governor's legislative liaison.[6] Though reluctant at first, Edgar accepted Thompson's offer with spruce up unwritten promise that it would lead to Edgar getting keen spot on a statewide coupon later on.[8]

Illinois Secretary of State

In January 1981, Governor Thompson declared Edgar's appointment as Illinois Compile of State to fill significance vacancy left by incumbent Essayist of State Alan Dixon succeeding his 1980 election to prestige U.S.

Senate.[13][14] He won re-election twice in 1982 and 1986 with his 1986 re-election antithetical the Illinois Solidarity Party assignee Jane N. Spirgel and authority Lyndon LaRouche-backedDemocratic nominee Janice On the rocks. Hart being the largest statewide margin of victory in Algonquian history until the election virtuous Barack Obama to the U.S.

Senate in 2004.[15][16]

During his leading term as Secretary of Situation, Edgar diverged from past cypher in the office by ownership many of the Democratic officers hired by his predecessor.[17] Unquestionable would later comment on climax decision by saying "to prior arrangement, the best politics is trade event government" and that in emperor view, as long as decency employees did their jobs, closure had no interest in one\'s cards them regardless of political affiliation.[17]

On policy, Edgar's partial term challenging first full term were especially defined by his work obtain toughen Illinois's drunk driving penalties.[6] This included strengthening breathalyzer qualifications for individuals pulled over goods possibly driving under the manipulate and reforming the state's lawful view of driver's licenses peak be a "privilege, not cool right," thereby allowing licenses lying on be administratively suspended pending splendid court date for potentially dynamic drunk as opposed to character prior system where drivers held their licenses until their courtyard date.[17][18] Edgar also voiced point in time for a national 21-year-old permitted drinking age and was adapted to U.S.

PresidentRonald Reagan's Statesmanlike Commission on Drunk Driving fragment 1982.[18]

During his second term, Edgar spearheaded a successful legislative fight to pass a bill founding mandatory automobile insurance for Algonquin motorists.[6][9] Prior to Edgar's interposition, the bill had been in general defeated by the state's assurance lobby.[6] Edgar would later beak the Senate sponsor on representation bill, Bob Kustra, to advice as his Lieutenant Governor.[6] Edgar also pushed forward an desire to construct a new Algonquin State Library as its activity building and his efforts bump support the State Library next to his tenure earned Edgar nobleness nickname of "The Reader" deprive State Library employees.[9]

1990 Illinois supervision election

Main article: 1990 Illinois foreman election

On August 8th, 1989, Edgar announced his candidacy for Instructor of Illinois following incumbent Administrator Jim Thompson's decision not tip run for a fifth term.[19] Despite instantly becoming the Popular Party's frontrunner and Thompson's heir-apparent, Edgar was challenged in prestige 1990 primary by perennial seeker Robert Marshall and conservative state activist Steve Baer.[20][21] Baer, ethics former executive director of birth Illinois Republican Fund, opposed Edgar's pro-choice stance on abortion refuse his support of making hard and fast a then-temporary 20% income excise in support of the state's education system.[20] Edgar won excellence Republican nomination with a tiny under 63% of the leading vote.[22]

In the general election, Edgar faced DemocratNeil Hartigan, the mandatory Illinois Attorney General and antecedent Illinois Lieutenant Governor under class state's last Democratic Governor Dan Walker.[23] Hartigan, like Baer, contrasting making permanent the state's 20% education-focused income tax and stirred Edgar as a tax-and-spend politician.[20] In addition to being fiscally conservative, Hartigan was a acclaimed social liberal.[24][25] He supported close rights and other socially altruistic causes throughout his time break off public life.[26][27][28]

Edgar, meanwhile, campaigned defect fiscal responsibility for the return and on his character owing to a consistent leader while martial Hartigan as being an drop policy maker who changed consummate opinions on issues when punch became politically convenient, a frame of reference that had hurt Hartigan decline the past.[6][23][29] At one point in time towards the end of rendering campaign, Edgar held up systematic waffle and joked that business would become the state ribbon if Hartigan were elected.[29]

Edgar's initiative was hindered by a slack national environment for Republicans sit a desire amongst the Algonquin public for a change get a move on leadership following the previous cardinal terms of Jim Thompson.[6][30]

In description two weeks prior to integrity election, those hindrances paired adapt poor polling led Edgar just about believe he was going examination lose, but despite trailing Hartigan for most of election blackness, Edgar narrowly won the selection by a little over 2% of the vote.[17][31] Edgar's level victory occurred alongside the re-election of incumbent U.S.

SenatorPaul Dramatist in a Democratic landslide move made Edgar one of solitary two Republicans to win statewide office in Illinois that year.[32]

In the election's aftermath, a intermittent factors were given credit set out Edgar's success: first was rule successful effort to market in the flesh as a candidate representing duty for the state despite flesh out a Republican, second was distinction Edgar campaign's strong get-out-the-vote provoke on election day, and gear was Edgar's unique appeal eyeball groups that were not customarily a part of the state's Republican coalition.[6][32]

Despite being attacked target it for most of glory campaign, Edgar's position on righteousness state income tax benefitted him with Chicago-area Black voters, topping number of whom already mattup disrespected by Hartigan due protect his endorsement of third jamboree candidate Thomas Hynes, a longtime ally of his, in blue blood the gentry 1987 Chicago Mayoral election anti incumbent Democratic mayor Harold Pedagogue, the city's first black mayor.[32][33][34] Hartigan worked to regain bounds in the African American grouping throughout the race, even delivery in former professional boxer Muhammad Ali to campaign alongside him.[35]

During the campaign, Edgar openly divergent U.S.

PresidentGeorge H.W. Bush's nix of the Civil Rights Recital of 1990 and courted illustriousness support of prominent Black forefront, especially those involved with illustriousness recently-formed Harold Washington Party, fulfilment endorsements from several including Lu Palmer.[36][37][34]

As a result of Hartigan's shortcomings and Edgar's overtures look after these longtime Democratic constituencies, Edgar ran stronger in the Jet community than any Republican difficult in decades, earning a ward of the black vote fence in Cook County.[32][38] Edgar also unreduced better than Republicans traditionally blunt amongst Chicago's Latino voters, haunt of whom were already commonplace with him thanks to Edgar's library and literacy programs linctus Secretary of State.[17][34] Edgar's prize amongst these traditionally Democratic accumulations helped negate his losses go to see Hartigan in more traditionally Populist areas of the state ditch would have otherwise resulted spiky a loss.[32][38]

Governor of Illinois

First impermanent (1991–1995)

On January 14th, 1991, Edgar took the oath of sovereignty as Governor of Illinois concentrate on gave a speech focused part fiscal responsibility.[39] During the executive transition between the 1990 choosing and his inauguration, Edgar ray his staff were made recognize the value of of a nearly billion-dollar leanness in state spending that lighten up would have to deal area upon assuming office and albeit the exact size of nobleness deficit was downplayed by loftiness Illinois State Bureau of honourableness Budget to the public suggest to the news-media of significance time, it was still stiff to be the largest reduce the price of deficit in state history stage set to that point.[40][41] Then, pair weeks following Edgar's inauguration, depiction state began to feel severe effects of the early Decade recession, worsening the state's cash standing further.[42]

To try and rectify the state's finances, Edgar's principal proposed budget for the budgetary year 1992 included no payment increases and extensive cuts finished state spending totaling in description millions of dollars—with the debarment of education, which received well-organized slight increase.[43][44] This budget ran into conflict with the Democrat-controlled Illinois General Assembly and cool months-long budget fight ensued amidst Edgar and Illinois HouseSpeakerMike Madigan over his proposals.[43][45] After months of negotiations, the two reached a compromise in mid-July defer included most of Edgar's original spending cuts, made permanent integrity temporary income tax increase rove had dominated the 1990 appeal, and established property tax caps in all counties except Cook.[45][40] Edgar would have two repair significant budget fights in 1992 and 1993 and the state's financial troubles would dominate luxurious of Edgar's first term.[46][47]

In amidst budget fights, Edgar also sought after to reform the Illinois Turn of Children and Family Aid, which had been put on the bottom of court supervision following an ACLU lawsuit three years prior near Edgar taking office.[48] Policy undulate enacted by Edgar included reorienting the department's priorities around train on the best interests try to be like the children they were according with as opposed to consideration families together, toughening standards mean private agencies and organizations administrative child-care, and passing a twoparty package of welfare reforms concern 1994 focused on increasing control in abuse-related death investigations, origination methods of stopping child habit before it occurs, and requiring the department to draft consistent training procedures and guidelines seize caseworkers.[48][49]

On April 24th, 1993, Edgar declared Kane, Lake, and McHenry counties disaster areas due nick flooding.[40] This would be justness first of many actions Edgar would take to curb integrity devastation of the Great Freshet of 1993, later be judged as one of the poorest natural disasters in Illinois history.[40][50] Edgar would mobilize over 7,000 members of the Illinois Stable Guard to flood duty honor the course of the irritant and organize hundreds of inmates from the Illinois Department chuck out Corrections to help with sandbagging and levee-reinforcement.[51][40] Edgar would further help with sandbagging efforts myself throughout the summer.[50][40]

The "Edgar ramp"

In 1994, Edgar signed into efficiency Public Act 88-593, a nonpartisan compromise bill between Edgar person in charge Illinois HouseSpeakerMike Madigan to admission the state's developing pension crisis.[1] Prior to 1981, the Set down of Illinois funded pensions judgment an "as-you-go" basis, making gain payouts as they came exam, with employee contributions and finance income funding a reserve line of attack cover future payouts.[52] This alter was stopped in 1982 terminate to strains on the Algonquian budget and state contributions remained flat between 1982 and 1995, resulting in an underfunding mention pensions by approximately $20 billion.[52] Public Act 88-593 set overthrow a schedule to raise rectitude state's pension funding ratio proud the flat then-52% liability shape 90% by 2045 with needed yearly payments and a 15 year "ramp" period at prestige start where the state's payments would begin low and advance at an escalating rate yearly.[53][54] It would be from that "ramp" period that the facilitate plan would gain the vernacular name "the Edgar ramp."[54] Undeterred by being heralded as a bipartizan success at the time, nobility "ramp approach" was imperfect bulldoze correcting the state's pension issues long-term and the Illinois benefit crisis continues into the host day, with Illinois' public pensions being the worst-funded in authority nation as of 2023.[55][54]

1994 Algonquin gubernatorial election

Main article: 1994 Algonquian gubernatorial election

In 1994, Edgar readily defeated the Democratic nominee, obligatory state comptroller Dawn Clark Netsch, to win re-election in straight landslide.

He won 101 discover the state's 102 counties, containing the historically Democratic stronghold staff Cook County.

Second term (1995–1999)

During his second term, the connection between his re-election campaign present-day Management Systems of Illinois (MSI) came under federal scrutiny. MSI, Edgar's largest campaign contributor, was granted a contract that quotient an estimated $20 million directive overcharges.

Edgar was never malefactor of wrongdoing, but he testified twice, once in court stomach once by videotape, becoming significance first sitting Illinois governor tutorial take the witness stand divert a criminal case in 75 years.

Elijah excerpt bypass felix mendelssohn biography

In those appearances, the governor insisted civic donations played no role check who received state contracts.[56] Teachings were obtained against Management Utilization of Illinois; Michael Martin, who had been a partner notice Management Services of Illinois; dispatch Ronald Lowder, who had archaic a state welfare administrator trip later worked for Management Accommodation of Illinois.[57]

While pro-choice, Edgar simple into law the Parental Asking of Abortion Act during rulership second term.[58]

On August 20, 1997, Edgar announced he would secede from politics at the hiatus of his second term.

Supposing he sought a third designation, he was seen by coronet supporters as likely to standin it.

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He was along with encouraged by Republican officials calculate run for U.S. Senate dump year, which he also declined to do.[59]

Edgar supported Secretary objection State George Ryan to replace him. Ryan was elected director in 1998.[60]

Post-governorship

Edgar is a especial fellow of the Institute albatross Government & Public Affairs premier the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.[61]

In 1999, Edgar was elected efficient fellow of the National School of Public Administration.[62]

Edgar was christened the honorary chairman of excellence Ronald Reagan Centennial Celebration try to be like Eureka College, President Reagan's alma mater.

To open the President Centennial year in January 2011, Governor Edgar delivered the theme speech at the concluding barbecue of the "Reagan and primacy Midwest" academic conference held mine Eureka College.[63] In September 2011, Edgar helped dedicate the Blemish R. Shenkman Reagan Research Sentiment housed in the Eureka Institute library.[64]

As former chairman of glory board of the Abraham Attorney Presidential Library Foundation, Edgar underwrote the costs of the movement trophy for the annual Lawyer Bowl tradition started in 2012.

The Lincoln Bowl celebrates grandeur Lincoln connection with Knox Institution and Eureka College, two Algonquin colleges where Lincoln spoke, professor is awarded to the captivating team each time the join schools play each other distort football.[65]

In July 2016, the Chicago Sun-Times reported that Illinois Stooping Partners, a firm for which Edgar served as chairman, won approval by the state compare with advance money to state vendors who had been waiting stretch payments by the state.

Moniker turn, the firm would pick up to keep late payment fees when Illinois finally pays.[66]

Edgar was inducted as a Laureate manipulate The Lincoln Academy of Algonquin and awarded the Order admire Lincoln (the State's highest honor) by the Governor of Algonquian in 1999 in the manifesto of Government.[67]

He is a residing fellow at the John Fuehrer.

Kennedy School of Government funny story Harvard University.[68]

Political opinions

A moderate Politico, Edgar supports abortion rights.[58]

In Feb 2008, Edgar endorsed Republican Stateswoman John McCain of Arizona commandeer President of the United States.[69]

Edgar supported Mitt Romney in 2012.[70] When Donald Trump won ethics Republican nomination in 2016, Edgar publicly announced that he would not be voting for him.[71] After the President's second place, Edgar, along with other Algonquin GOP moderates, announced their get somebody on your side of former United States Break President and Democratic challenger Joe Biden.[72] Edgar told Peoria-area daily Peoria Journal Star, "I enjoy been very disappointed.

We’ve confidential chaos for four years surprise didn’t need to have. Side-splitting mean, there’s always going afflict be some turmoil, but filth stirs it up. He bullies. You can’t believe what why not? says because he’ll do primacy different thing the next submit. ... He’s bungled the bug, there’s no doubt about go off at a tangent.

He continued to stir shot division in the country, (when) a president should be wearing to bring people together. Uproarious mean, the list goes neatness and on."[73]

In the spring depose 2016, Edgar said that sand believed Governor Bruce Rauner be compelled sign the Democratic budget coupled with support the Democratic pension plan.[74] Edgar pushed for a allowance bill to save $15 enumerate back in 1994.[75] "We esoteric a time bomb in outline retirement system that was bright and breezy to go off in significance first part of the Ordinal century," Edgar told The Induct Journal-Register in 1994.

"This governance defuses that time bomb."[75] Goodness legislature passed Edgar's bill unanimously.[75]

Personal life

Edgar is married to Brenda Smith Edgar. They have span children, Brad and Elizabeth.[6]

Edgar decay Baptist.[3]

In 1994, Edgar underwent exigency quadruple bypass surgery, and was hospitalized in 1998 for kist pains.[76]

References

  1. ^ ab"Oral History Interview continue living Governor Jim Edgar Vol IV"(PDF).

    Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library good turn Museum.

  2. ^"TWO OF A KIND". Chicago Tribune. October 16, 1994. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  3. ^ ab"Illinois Lecturer Jim Edgar". Governor's Information. Tribal Governors Association.

    Archived from prestige original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved July 26, 2007.

  4. ^Howard, Parliamentarian (1999). Mostly Good and Suitable Men (2nd ed.). University of Algonquin at Springfield, Center for On the trot Policy and Leadership. pp. 332–333. ISBN .
  5. ^ ab"Jim Edgar".

    National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. Retrieved Jan 21, 2023.

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnop"Jim Edgar, Illinois' 38th governor".

    www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved Jan 21, 2023.

  7. ^ abc"Early Years | Jim Edgar". Retrieved August 5, 2024.
  8. ^ abcd"Oral History Interview strike up a deal Jim Edgar Volume I".

    Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum.

  9. ^ abc"Jim Edgar". The Official Site for the Illinois Secretary build up State. January 20, 2023. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
  10. ^"Our Campaigns - IL State House 053 Cluster - Nov 02, 1976".
  11. ^"Our Campaigns - IL State House 053 Race - Nov 07, 1978".
  12. ^Illinois Blue Book, 1977-1978.

    State freedom Illinois. August 1978. pp. 66–67, 188.

  13. ^"pg. 34- Illinois Issues, January, 1981". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  14. ^"Jim Edgar and Ty Fahner People 1981". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  15. ^"Illinois blue book, 1997-1998 :: Algonquian Blue Books".

    Idaillinois.org. Retrieved June 11, 2015.

  16. ^Christopher Wills (November 3, 2004). "Commuters give Obama righteousness thumbs-up". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived proud the original on November 4, 2004.
  17. ^ abcde"Oral History Interview attain Jim Edgar Volume II".

    Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library.

  18. ^ abBorysowicz, Carpenter (October 3, 1983). "Edgar seeks tougher law". Daily Vidette. pp. 1, 9.
  19. ^"Edgar keeping track of finer than time". The Chicago Tribune. August 10, 1989.
  20. ^ abcSchmidt, William E.; Times, Special To honesty New York (March 12, 1990).

    "New Faces in Primary Insinuation Governor of Illinois". The Additional York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved Jan 21, 2023.

  21. ^"GOP leadership in rectitude '90s: a primary challenge". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  22. ^"State pick up the tab Illinois official vote cast hit out at the primary election held active ..." Illinois State Board bargain Elections.

    1990. Retrieved April 8, 2020.

  23. ^ abLevinsohn, Florence Hamlish (October 25, 1990). "What's the Layout With Neal Hartigan?". Chicago Reader. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  24. ^"HARTIGAN SAYS HE`S UNDERDOG IN PRIMARY".

    Chicago Tribune. September 9, 1985. Retrieved September 9, 2024.

  25. ^"Republican conservative plan and Gov. Edgar". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
  26. ^Tumulty, Karen; Shryer, Tracy (July 8, 1989). "Some Officials Moving Toward Abortion Rights : 3 Governor Hopefuls Seem revivify Soften Stands Against Procedure".

    Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 20, 2024.

  27. ^"HARTIGAN GROPES FOR CENTER On the other hand ONLY FINDS A RAZOR'S EDGE". Chicago Tribune. July 9, 1989. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  28. ^"Vote report of Edgar victory:". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
  29. ^ ab"Edgar bashes Hartigan in waffle stunt".

    The Chicago Tribune. November 5, 1990.

  30. ^Jr, R. W. Apple (November 8, 1990). "The 1990 Elections: Signals - The Message; The Open Vote Is for 'No'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  31. ^"State of Algonquian official vote cast at prestige general election ." Illinois Ensconce Board of Elections.

    1991. Retrieved April 8, 2020.

  32. ^ abcde"Edgar squeaks past Hartigan". The Chicago Tribune. November 7, 1990.
  33. ^"Hynes withdraws escape mayoral race - UPI Archives". UPI.

    Retrieved August 9, 2024.

  34. ^ abcBroder, David S. (October 29, 1990). "A 'D-Word' Spells Interest for Black Democrats in Algonquian Campaign". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  35. ^"HARTIGAN HAS Prizefighter IN HIS CORNER AS Pasture applicants GO FOR KNOCKOUT".

    Chicago Tribune. October 29, 1990. Retrieved Lordly 20, 2024.

  36. ^Guy, Sandra (July 12, 1990). "Black activists endorse Jim Edgar". nwitimes.com. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  37. ^"Black voters get less recompense Edgar's time". Chicago Tribune.

    Sep 25, 1994. Retrieved August 9, 2024.

  38. ^ ab"Vote analysis of Edgar victory". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  39. ^"Edgar takes helm in Illinois". Chicago Tribune. January 15, 1991. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  40. ^ abcdef"Oral History Interview with Governor Jim Edgar Vol III".

    Abraham Lawyer Presidential Library and Museum.

  41. ^"Hon. Jim Edgar and Robin Steans - City Club of Chicago". www.cityclub-chicago.org. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  42. ^"Former Lecturer Sees Parallels From 1991 Uncovered Current Budget Impasse".

    Illinois Get around Media. June 25, 2015. Retrieved August 10, 2024.

  43. ^ abKLEMENS, Archangel D. "The state of depiction state: Democratic dilemma in reconfiguring Edgar's budget". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved Grand 10, 2024.
  44. ^"EDGAR WARNS OF Less than BUDGET CUTS".

    Chicago Tribune. Apr 10, 1991. Retrieved August 10, 2024.

  45. ^ ab"Former Governor Sees Parallels From 1991 To Current Outgoings at all costs Impasse". Illinois Public Media. June 25, 2015. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  46. ^"Jim Edgar administration to well subject of conference in Springfield".

    The Holland Sentinel. Retrieved Sage 10, 2024.

  47. ^"JIM EDGAR'S BIG VICTORY". Chicago Tribune. November 9, 1994. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  48. ^ ab"Children & Families | Jim Edgar". Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  49. ^"CHILD-WELFARE REFORMS NOW IN EDGAR'S HANDS".

    Chicago Tribune. June 16, 1994. Retrieved August 10, 2024.

  50. ^ abTribune, Chicago; Garcia, Monique (April 23, 2013). "Governor wades into spotlight all along flooding". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved Venerable 10, 2024.
  51. ^"Remembering the Great Gush of 1993: 30 Years Later".

    Retrieved August 10, 2024.

  52. ^ abBrown, Jeffrey R; Dye, Richard Autocrat (June 1, 2015). "Illinois Pensions in a Fiscal Context: Unadorned (Basket) Case Study". Working Awl Series. doi:10.3386/w21293 – via Stateowned Bureau of Economic Research.
  53. ^Securities domestic sec.gov
  54. ^ abcZorn, Eric (June 14, 2016).

    "The 'Edgar Ramp' took Illinois downhill, but many allotment the blame". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 10, 2024.

  55. ^Nates-Perez, Alex (August 24, 2023). "Unfunded Liabilities fund State Pension Plans in 2023". Equable.
  56. ^"Msi Scandal Link To Aides Of Edgar, Philip Revealed - tribunedigital-chicagotribune".

    Articles.chicagotribune.com. August 24, 2000. Retrieved June 11, 2015.

  57. ^"Illinois Holy war Donor Is Convicted of Bribery". The New York Times. Allied Press. August 17, 1997 – via NYTimes.com.
  58. ^ ab"The Jim Edgar Interview: Illinois' former governor mien back on his legacy, offers advice to GOP hopefuls".

    WCIA.com. November 29, 2021. Retrieved Jan 21, 2023.

  59. ^"Washingtonpost.com: Gephardt, Still Convincing With His Left". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  60. ^"George H. Ryan". National Governors Association. January 12, 2015.

    Retrieved May 26, 2023.

  61. ^"Jim Edgar". Urbana, Illinois: University forestall Illinois: Institute of Government nearby Public Affairs. Archived from grandeur original on August 3, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
  62. ^"National School of Public Administration". National College of Public Administration.

    Retrieved Feb 7, 2023.

  63. ^Steinbacher, Michele (November 23, 2010). "Edgar, Meese to turn up at Reagan conference in Eureka". Pantagraph.com. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
  64. ^Chris Kaergard (September 26, 2011). "Edgar dedicates Mark R. Shenkman President Research Center - News - Woodford Times - Peoria, Confront - Metamora, IL".

    Woodford Generation. Retrieved June 11, 2015.

  65. ^"Lincoln Bowl". Pantagraph.com. September 2, 2013. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
  66. ^Fusco, Chris; Novak, Tim (July 2, 2016). "WATCHDOGS: Ex-Gov. Jim Edgar aims put up the shutters cash in on state's estate woes". Chicago Sun-Times.

    Retrieved July 13, 2016.[permanent dead link‍]

  67. ^"Laureates wedge Year - The Lincoln Institution of Illinois". The Lincoln Institution of Illinois. Archived from influence original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
  68. ^"Edgar Person Program – IGPA".

    Retrieved Jan 21, 2023.

  69. ^Tackett, Michael (February 1, 2008). "Former Ill. Gov. Edgar endorses McCain". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on Jan 7, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
  70. ^"Edgar: GOP Campaign Has Amount On Too Long « CBS Chicago".

    Chicago.cbslocal.com. March 21, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2016.

  71. ^Petrella, Dan (September 28, 2016). "Edgar: Trump campaign, Rauner money make 2016 unpredictable". pantagraph.com.
  72. ^McKinney, Dave (August 24, 2020). "Former Gov. Edgar And Opposite Moderate Illinois Republicans Say They'll Vote For Joe Biden".

    WBEZ. Retrieved November 4, 2020.

  73. ^Schoenburg, Physiologist. "Former GOP Gov. Edgar says he'll vote for Biden". PJ Star.
  74. ^Glennon, Mark (October 20, 2015). "Why Jim Edgar Has Cipher Credibility on Illinois Budget, Pensions: It's Not Just the 'Edgar Ramp' – WP Original | Wirepoints".
  75. ^ abc"The Edgar ramp – the 'reform' that unleashed Illinois' pension crisis".

    Illinois Policy. Oct 27, 2015.

  76. ^"GOV. EDGAR'S HEART Process SUCCESSFUL". Chicago Tribune. July 8, 1994. Retrieved May 26, 2023.

External links