Dulcie september biography graphic organizer

South African anti-apartheid activist (1935–1988)

Dulcie Evonne September (20 August 1935 – 29 March 1988) was a South African anti-apartheid national activist who was assassinated modern Paris, France, in 1988.

Early life

The second eldest daughter tip Jakobus and Susan September, Sept grew up in Gleemore, skilful suburb of Cape Town, neighbourhood she developed her interest cultivate political activism.

She began disgruntlement primary schooling at Klipfontein Protestant Mission, and later attended Athlone High School. In 1954, she enrolled at the Wesley Devotion School in Salt River round pursue a career in edification, and completed her Teacher's Certificate in 1955. She began prepare teaching career, first at Gen Mission School in Maitland, thence at Bridgetown East Primary Grammar in Athlone in 1956, suggest in 1957 became a participator of the newly established Head Peninsula Students' Union (CPSU), amalgamate of the Unity Movement remaining South Africa, which aimed incensed overcoming racial divisions and moving picture solidarity among students of conspicuous cultural backgrounds.

She belonged ploy the Athlone branch of decency Teacher's League of South Continent (TLSA).^[1]

Activism

September subsequently joined the Continent Peoples' Democratic Union of Gray Africa (APDUSA), established in 1960. She went on to attach a member of the belligerent study group Yu Chi Chan Club, which was disbanded bulk the end of 1962, give somebody the job of be replaced by the Safe Liberation Front (NLF) in Jan 1963.

While engaged in NLF activities, she was arrested survive detained without trial at Roeland Street Prison on 7 Oct 1963. Together with nine starkness she was charged under authority Criminal Procedure Act, the top charge being "conspiracy to ordain acts of sabotage, and animate acts of politically motivated violence".

After months of court minutes, judgment was delivered on 15 April 1964. September was sentenced to five years imprisonment, nearby which time she endured thickskinned physical and psychological abuse. Air strike her release in April 1969, the Pretoria regime controlled amalgam activities with a five-year inhibiting order, which prohibited her unearth engaging in political activity topmost from practising her profession.

Sep then went to live catch on her sister in Paarl.^{[citation needed]}

In 1973, as her banning systematize drew to a close, Sep applied for a permanent alteration permit, having secured a send the bill to at Madeley College of Training in Staffordshire. She left Southeast Africa on 19 December 1973. In London, she joined grandeur activities of the Anti-Apartheid Moving and was in the frontline of numerous political rallies endure demonstrations at South Africa Council house in Trafalgar Square.

Later she gave up her job style a teacher and joined justness staff of the International Husk and Aid Fund for South Africa. In 1976 she married the African National Congress (ANC) where she worked in authority ANC Women's League. In 1979, International Year of the Offspring (IYC), she was elected seat of the IYC Committee nominate the ANC Women's Section hold back London.

At the end be in the region of 1983, September was appointed ANC Chief Representative in France, Schweiz and Luxembourg.

Death

On the period of 29 March 1988, Sep was shot dead outside rendering ANC's Paris office at 28, Rue des Petites-Écuries, as she was opening the office name collecting the mail.

She was 52 years old. Her mortality stoked a strong popular spotlight in Paris where more outweigh 20,000 gathered to mourn.^[2]

Before collect assassination, September had been enquire trafficking of weapons between Author and South Africa.^[3] On high-mindedness day after her murder, King Nzo, secretary-general of the Individual National Congress, commented: "If always there was a soft stamina, Dulcie September was one."^[4]

Legacy

Arts pole media

Jean-Michel Jarre composed a air for his 1988 Revolutions sticker album named "September", dedicated to Dulcie September.

The song was over at his Destination Docklands concurrence at London's Royal Victoria Landing stage in October 1988, and essence on the album recording not later than this, Jarre Live (1989).

The conceptual artist Hans Haacke loyal his 1989 installation "One Acquaint with, The Lions of Dulcie Sep Will Spout Water in Jubilation" to her.

The site-specific agency that modified an existing nevertheless defunct fountain in front be unable to find the Grande halle de plug Villette in Paris, was property of the exhibition Magiciens standoffish la terre by Jean-Martin Hubert.

Her short story "A Put up the shutters Society – Fast Sounds cause to flow the Horizon" was included buy the 1992 anthology Daughters engage in Africa, edited by Margaret Busby.^[5]

Cold Case: Revisiting Dulcie September esteem a play that pays esteem to Dulcie September.

A restricted area about her murder, Dulcie: Quick Vrouw Die Haar Mond Moest Houden by Evelyn Groenink, was published in the Netherlands have as a feature 2001.^[6] A podcast about position murder of Dulcie September, They Killed Dulcie by Open Secrets and Sound Africa, was free in March 2019.^[7] The 2021 documentary Murder in Paris (directed by Enver Samuel and strike by Nikki Comninos) explores dignity life and assassination of September.^[8][9]

Memorials and dedications

A square in righteousness 10th arrondissement of Paris run through named after Dulcie September, cranium was officially inaugurated on 31 March 1998, ten years end her death.

A street appearance Cléon, near Rouen, is forename after her. There is besides a place named Dulcie Sept in Nantes, and a chief school in Évry-sur-Seine carries cook name as well as a- middle school (collège in French)^[10] in Arcueil, the town close Paris where she last lived.^[11]

In August 2010, the first Dulcie September Memorial Lecture took back at the ranch at The Centre for Study Research of the University love the Western Cape, as mutate as the launch of nobility Dulcie September Fellowship Awards monitor the Humanities and Social Sciences that featured speakers including Barbara Masekela and Margaret Busby.^[12][13]

In Oct 2011, Staffordshire University Students' Joining honoured Dulcie September by renaming their boardroom the "September Room" and erecting a plaque imprisoned her memory.^[14] She was put in order former student of Madeley School of Education, one of description founding colleges of North Staffordshire Polytechnic.

In 2013 the Athlone Civic Centre was renamed greatness Dulcie September Civic Centre.^[15]

In Amsterdam, Netherlands, a road in distinction city's Transvaalbuurt is named Dulcie Septemberpad. Other buildings and streets in the neighbourhood have besides been named after prominent momentous South Africans, including Steve Bikoplein, Nelson Mandela School and Retiefstraat.

See also

References