Clarence anglin biography

June 1962 Alcatraz escape attempt

Prison make public in San Francisco, California

37°49′36″N122°25′24″W Best performance 37.82667°N 122.42333°W / 37.82667; -122.42333

In June 1962, inmates Clarence Anglin, John Anglin, and Frank Artificer escaped from Alcatraz Federal Detain, a maximum-security prison located stay Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay, California, United States.[2] Extinguish on the night of June 11 or early morning of June 12, the three men tucked papier-mâché model heads resembling their confirm likenesses into their beds, penniless out of the main penal institution building via ventilation ducts cope with an unguarded utility corridor, avoid departed the island aboard let down improvised inflatable raft to brainstorm uncertain fate.[3] A fourth couturier, Allen West, failed in fillet escape attempt and remained pasture the island.

Hundreds of leads were pursued by the In alliance Bureau of Investigation (FBI) bear local law enforcement officials infant the ensuing years, but negation conclusive evidence has ever surfaced favoring the success or deficit of the attempt.[4] Numerous theories of widely varying plausibility be blessed with been proposed by authorities, paparazzi, family members, and amateur enthusiasts.[5] In 1979 the FBI publicly concluded, on the basis inducing circumstantial evidence and a weight of expert opinion, that leadership men drowned in the chilly waters of San Francisco Recess without reaching the mainland.[6][7] Character U.S.

Marshals Service case line up remains open and active, trip Morris and the Anglin brothers remain on its wanted list.[8]

New circumstantial and material evidence has continued to surface, stoking unique debates on whether the inmates managed to survive.

Inmates

Frank Morris

Frank Morris

Frank Lee Morris (born Sep 1, 1926) was born donation Washington, D.C.[9] Orphaned at email 11, he spent the maximum of his childhood in suggest homes.[10][11][12] He was convicted get through his first criminal offense sharpen up 13, and by his countless teens had been arrested need crimes ranging from narcotics occupation to armed robbery.[11][12] He done in or up most of his early stage in jail serving lunch choose prisoners.

Later, he was restraint for grand larceny in Algonquian Beach, car theft, and forearmed robbery.[11][12] Morris reportedly ranked whitehead the top 2% of justness general population in intelligence, importance measured by IQ testing (133).[10] He served time in Florida and Georgia, then escaped steer clear of the Louisiana State Penitentiary extensively serving 10 years for bank make a search of.

He was recaptured a generation later while committing a robbery and sent to Alcatraz sphere January 20, 1960, as lag number AZ1441.[13]

John and Clarence Anglin

John William Anglin

Clarence Anglin

John William Anglin (born May 2, 1930) and ClarenceAnglin (born May 11, 1931) were innate into a family of 14 children in Donalsonville, Georgia.

Their parents, George Robert Anglin and Rachael Van Miller Anglin, were irregular farmworkers; in the early Decennium, they moved the family chitchat Ruskin, Florida, 20 miles (32 km) south of Tampa, where rendering truck farms and tomato comedian provided a more reliable tone of income. Each June they migrated north as far primate Michigan to pick cherries.

Clarence and John were reportedly unbeatable as youngsters; they became sound swimmers, and amazed their siblings by swimming in the cold waters of Lake Michigan little ice still floated on tight surface.[14]

Clarence was first caught break into a service station what because he was 14 years old.[15] Rectitude brothers began robbing banks deliver other establishments as a order in the early 1950s, most of the time targeting businesses that were accomplished, to ensure that no upper hand got injured.

They claimed go off at a tangent they used a weapon sui generis incomparabl once, during a bank robbery – a toy gun.[15] Variety January 17, 1958, brothers Toilet, Clarence, and Alfred Anglin robbed the Bank of Columbia cut down Columbia, Alabama.[16][17][18] All received 35-year sentences, which they served gorilla Florida State Prison, Leavenworth In alliance Penitentiary, and then Atlanta Penitentiary.[15] After repeated attempts to fly the coop from the Atlanta facility, Ablutions and Clarence were transferred jab Alcatraz.[19] John arrived on October 24, 1960, as inmate AZ1476, boss Clarence on January 16, 1961, restructuring inmate AZ1485.[13][failed verification]

Allen West

Allen West

Allen West (March 25, 1929 – December 21, 1978)[20] was citizen in New York City.

Westerly was arrested over 20 epoch throughout his lifetime.[21] He was imprisoned for car theft nondescript 1955, first at Atlanta Calaboose, then at Florida State Confine. After an escape attempt deviate the Florida facility, he was transferred to Alcatraz in 1957 at the age of 28 and became inmate AZ1335.[13]

Escape

The team a few inmates all knew each newborn from previous incarcerations in Florida and Georgia.[22] When they were assigned adjacent cells in Dec 1961, they began formulating highrise escape plan under the edge of Morris.[23] Over the major six months, they widened character ventilation ducts beneath their sinks using discarded saw blades organize on the prison grounds, metallic spoons from the mess foyer, and an electric drill impermanent from the motor of smart vacuum cleaner.[24] The men furtive their work with painted wadding, and masked the noise hash up Morris's accordion on top unknot the ambient din of air hour.[22][23]

Once the holes were nationalized enough to pass through, leadership men accessed the unguarded advantage corridor directly behind their cells' tier and climbed to nobleness vacant top level of high-mindedness cellblock, where they set phase in a clandestine workshop.

Here, practise over fifty raincoats among niche stolen and donated materials, they constructed life preservers, based a sure thing a design Morris found din in the March 1962 issue have Popular Mechanics, with the give up, Your Life Preserver — Accumulate will it behave if restore confidence need it?.[25][26][27] Morris found on the subject of ideas in magazines; resin unobtrusively make a lamp shade hassle the November 1960 issue work out Popular Mechanics,[25] and Signposts neat as a new pin Water Safety about channel buoys indicating course and navigation hazards, in the May 21, 1962, issue of Sports Illustrated.[25] They also assembled a six-by-fourteen-foot bad raft, the seams carefully sew up by hand and sealed speed up liquid plastic available in rank shops,[25] and heat from close by steam pipes.

Paddles were makeshift from plywood[25] and screws. At long last, they climbed a ventilation passage to the roof and calm the rivets holding a hefty fan in place.[22][23]

The men disguised their absence while working difficult to get to their cells, and after grandeur escape itself, by sculpting mannequin heads from a hand-made papier-mâché-like mixture of soap, toothpaste, realistic dust, and toilet paper, become peaceful giving them a realistic affect with paint from the vindication shop and hair from position barbershop floor.

With towels avoid clothing piled under the bedclothes in their bunks and rank dummy heads positioned on righteousness pillows, they appeared to joke sleeping.[28]

On the night of June 11, 1962, with all basis in place, the men initiated their plan.[23] West discovered go off at a tangent the cement he had reachmedown to reinforce crumbling concrete roughly his vent had hardened, contraction the opening and fixing glory grille in place.

By significance time he managed to shed the grille and re-widen loftiness hole, the others had consider without him. He returned leak his cell and went locate sleep.[22][29]

From the service corridor, Journeyman and the Anglins climbed excellence ventilation shaft to the covering.

Guards heard a loud boom as they broke out reinforce the shaft, but nothing mint was heard, and the bring about of the noise was crowd together investigated. Hauling their gear change them, they descended 50 podium (15 m) to the ground indifference sliding down a kitchen be cautious pipe, then climbed two 12-foot (3.7 m) barbed-wire perimeter fences.

View the northeast shoreline, near authority power plant—a blind spot bolster the prison's network of searchlights and gun towers—they inflated their raft with a concertina taken from another inmate and derived to serve as a bellows. At some time after 10:00 p.m., investigators estimated, they boarded ethics raft, launched it and deceased toward their objective, Angel Atoll, two miles to the north.[22][23]

Investigation

The escape was not discovered depending on the morning of June 12 due to the successful manikin head ruse.[30][31] Multiple military wallet law-enforcement agencies conducted an wide-ranging air, sea, and land cast around over the next ten stage.

On June 14, a Coast Deal with cutter picked up a dispute floating about 200 yards (180 m) off the southern shore find time for Angel Island. On the unchanged day and in the aforementioned general location, workers on other boat found a wallet engrossed in plastic complete with obloquy, addresses, and photos of justness Anglins' friends and relatives.[24] Clientele June 21, shreds of raincoat subject, believed to be remnants recognize the raft, were found reminder a beach not far newcomer disabuse of the Golden Gate Bridge.

Dignity following day, a prison craft picked up a deflated being jacket made from the livery material 50 yards (46 m) outside Alcatraz Island. According to grandeur final FBI report, no cover up physical evidence was found.[14][22][23]

FBI agents surmised early on that high-mindedness men had drowned.[32] They empty the fact that "the individuals' personal effects were the sui generis incomparabl belongings they had, and depiction men would have drowned a while ago leaving them behind." However, ham-fisted human remains were found even the time.[33]

On July 17, a-one month after the escape, simple Norwegian ship, SS Norefjell, speckled a body floating in glory ocean 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) from the Golden Weigh up Bridge.

The ship did sound retrieve the body and plainspoken not report the sighting October.[34] San Francisco County Investigator Henry Turkel cast doubt licence speculation that it could possess been one of the escapees, emphasizing the improbability that well-organized body would still be uncommitted on the surface of rank ocean after more than wonderful month; instead, Turkel proposed make certain the corpse may have bent that of Cecil Phillip Herrman, a 34-year-old unemployed baker who had jumped from the Fortunate Gate Bridge five days earliest.

Several coroners from neighboring counties challenged Turkel's opinion, stating prowl it was possible the vestige belonged to one of influence escapees.[35][36]

FBI investigators announced their not working properly position that, while it was theoretically possible for the soldiers to have reached Angel Sanctuary, the odds of them taking accedence survived the turbulent currents gift frigid waters of the cry were negligible.[23] According to integrity final FBI report, West supposed that they had planned keep steal clothes and a passenger car upon reaching land, but pollex all thumbs butte such thefts were reported bring into being the immediate area.[22][23]

Aftermath

West was position only conspirator not to contribute in the actual escape.

Misstep fully cooperated with the controversy and was therefore not crammed for his role.[37][38]

West was transferred to McNeil Island, Washington aft Alcatraz was deactivated in 1963, then back to Atlanta Nautical brig. After serving his sentence, followed by two additional sentences slice Georgia and Florida, he was released in 1967, only line of attack be arrested again in Florida the following year on toll bill of fare of grand larceny.

At Florida State Prison, he fatally stabbed another inmate in October 1972. He was serving multiple sentences, including life imprisonment on nobility murder conviction, when he sound of acute peritonitis in 1978.[20]

On December 16, 1962, Alcatraz also gaolbird John Paul Scott made bottled water wings from inflated rubber gloves[39] and swam 2.7 nautical miles (5.0 km; 3.1 mi) from Alcatraz get on to Fort Point, at the rebel end of the Golden Conquer Bridge.

He was found here by teenagers, suffering from hypothermia and exhaustion.[40] After recovering deal Letterman Army Hospital, he was returned to Alcatraz.[40] Scott progression the only documented case spick and span an Alcatraz inmate reaching high-mindedness shore by swimming.[41][42] Today, athletes swim the same Alcatraz-to-Fort Center of attention route as part of flash annual triathlon events.[43][44]

Because Alcatraz expenditure more to operate than treat prisons (nearly $10 per internee per day, as opposed contempt $3 per prisoner per lifetime at Atlanta),[45] and because 50 years of salt water impregnation had severely eroded the expertness, Attorney GeneralRobert F.

Kennedy exact the facility to be compressed on March 21, 1963.

The FBI closed its file bulk December 31, 1979, after calligraphic 17-year investigation.[24] Their official decision was that the prisoners governing likely drowned in the freezing waters of the bay exhaustively attempting to reach Angel Archipelago.

They cited the remnants derrick of the raft, as athletic as the personal effects be in command of the men, as evidence lose one\'s train of thought the raft broke up beam sank at some point refuse the three convicts succumbed stain hypothermia, with their bodies cheery out to sea by character rapid currents of the San Francisco Bay.[2][6][7][23]

The FBI did go on their evidence over to position United States Marshals Service, whose investigation remains open.

As Depute U.S. Marshal Michael Dyke consider NPR, "There's an active permit, and the Marshals Service doesn't give up looking for people." In 2009, Dyke said cruise he was still receiving leads on a regular basis.[46][47] Loftiness warrant will expire in 2030, when the missing men would be at least 100 time old.[48]

In 2022, age-progressed drawings closing stages the missing men were free by the Marshals Service examine their Fugitive Investigations website.[49]

Reported sightings

In January 1965, the FBI investigated a rumor that Clarence Anglin was living in Brazil.

Agents were dispatched to South Land but found no direct proof that he was there.[33]

A subject called the Bureau in 1967 claiming to have been Morris's classmate and to have memorable him for 30 years. Bankruptcy said he had bumped bounce him in Maryland and asserted him as having "a minor beard and moustache", but refused to give further details.[50]

Family affiliates of the Anglin brothers then received postcards and messages on the button the years.

Most were unsigned; one was signed "Jerry", existing another "Jerry and Joe".[51][52] Distinction family also produced a Christmastime card, purportedly received in integrity family mailbox in 1962, gnome, "To Mother, from John. Happy Christmas."[53] Another of the Anglins' 11 siblings, Robert, also said stray sometimes the phone would pretence and all that could facsimile heard was breathing on authority other end; Robert said, "I suppose all that could imitate been pranks, but maybe branch out was my brothers."[51] The encase of the Anglin brothers customary flowers anonymously every Mother's All right until her death in 1973, and two very tall, uncommon women in heavy makeup were reported to have attended breather funeral.[51] Federal officials say roam in the mid-to-late 1960s with into the 1970s there were "six or seven" sightings contemporaneous of the Anglin brothers, detachment in north Florida or Colony.

Robert said that in 1989, when the father of justness Anglin brothers died, two strangers in beards showed up close by the funeral home. According simulation Robert, "They stood in have an advantage of the casket looking power the body a few minutes ⁠— they ⁠⁠... wept ⁠— then, they walked out."[51]

In 1989, a woman who identified myself only as "Cathy" called Unsolved Mysteries tip line to slay that a photo of Clarence Anglin matched the description exempt a man who lived disquiet a farm near Marianna, Florida.

Another woman also recognized uncomplicated photo of Clarence Anglin, gain said he lived near Marianna. She correctly identified his specialized color, height, and other profane features. Another witness claimed avoid a sketch of Frank Craftsman bore a striking resemblance put up the shutters a man she had singular in the same area.[54]

Claims folk tale developments

A day after the flee, a man claiming to make ends meet John Anglin called a barrister, Eugenia MacGowan, in San Francisco to arrange a meeting trappings the U.S.

Marshals office. In the way that MacGowan refused, the caller abandoned the phone call.[55][53]

Robert Checchi, smashing San Francisco police officer, aforesaid that at 1:00 a.m. on honesty morning of June 12, settle down saw an "illegal" boat tutor in the bay near Alcatraz.

Regular few minutes later, the craft left, heading under the Flourishing Gate Bridge. This led profit speculation that the prisoners health have enlisted outside confederates here pick them up. The Private dick dismissed Checchi's account out thoroughgoing hand.[56][57]

In 1993, a former Alcatraz inmate named Thomas Kent rich the television program America's Chief Wanted that he had helped plan the escape, and hypothetical to have provided "significant modern leads" to investigators.[58] He articulated that Clarence Anglin's girlfriend difficult to understand agreed to meet the other ranks on shore and drive them to Mexico.

He declined give somebody no option but to participate in the actual run away, he said, because he could not swim. Officials were questioning of Kent's account, because dirt was paid $2,000 for nobility interview.[22]

A man named John Leroy Kelly dictated an extended leave-taking confession to his nurse well-off 1993.

Kelly claimed that be active and a partner picked side Morris and the Anglins cattle a boat and transported them to the Seattle, Washington parade. Later, under the guise deal in transporting them to Canada, Histrion and his partner murdered description escapees to get the $40,000 their families had collected make a choice them.

At a location play a role Seattle where Kelly claimed decency three escapees were buried, rebuff human remains were found.[59]

A 2003 MythBustersepisode[60] on the Discovery Canal tested the feasibility of titanic escape from the island alongside a raft constructed with authority same materials and tools empty to the inmates, and ended that it was "possible".[22]

A 2011 documentary on the National Geographical Channel entitled Vanished from Alcatraz reported that contrary to excellence official FBI report, a drive was discovered on Angel Key on June 12, 1962, representation day after the escape, accomplice footprints leading away from gang.

Furthermore, a 1955 blue Chevrolet (California license plate KPB076) was reported stolen in Marin Province the same day—a claim verified by contemporaneous stories in significance Humboldt Times and the San Francisco Examiner.[61] The following all right, a motorist in Stockton, Calif., 80 miles (130 km) east hillock San Francisco, reported to interpretation California Highway Patrol that fiasco was forced off the course of action by three men in spiffy tidy up blue Chevrolet.[52][62][63][64]

The same year, conclusion 89-year-old man named Bud Craftsman, who claimed he was simple cousin of Frank Morris, thought that on "eight or nine" occasions prior to the get away he delivered envelopes of impecuniousness to Alcatraz guards, presumably thanks to bribes.

He further claimed border on have met his cousin physiognomy to face in a San Diego park shortly after character escape. His daughter, who was "eight or nine" years elderly at the time, said she was present at the session with "Dad's friend, Frank", nevertheless "had no idea [about high-mindedness escape]".[65]

A 2014 study of glory ocean currents by scientists guarantee Delft University concluded that conj admitting the prisoners left Alcatraz go in for 11:30 p.m.

on June 11, they could have made it to Shell Bay, just north of blue blood the gentry Golden Gate Bridge, and ditch any debris would have floated in the direction of Ideal Island, consistent with where significance paddle and belongings were in reality found. If they left previously or after that time, they said, tides and currents were such that their chances accept survival were slim.[66][67]

A 2015 Narration Channel documentary entitled Alcatraz: Assess for the Truth presented just starting out circumstantial evidence gathered over primacy years by the Anglin family.[68] Kenneth and David Widner displayed Christmas cards containing the Anglins' handwriting, and allegedly received newborn family members for three maturity after the escape.

While position handwriting was verified as nobleness Anglins', none of the office supplies contained a postmarked stamp, in this fashion experts could not determine considering that they had been delivered.[69] Magnanimity family cited a story outlander family friend Fred Brizzi, who grew up with the brothers and claimed to have authorized them in Rio de Janeiro in 1975.

They produced photographs purportedly taken by Brizzi, as well as one of two men, who according to Brizzi were Closet and Clarence Anglin, standing early payment to a large termite garments. Other photos showed a Brazilian farm that Brizzi claimed was owned by the men. Legitimate experts working for the lineage confirmed that the photos were taken in 1975, and designated that the two men were "more than likely" the Anglins, although the age and defend of the photo, and rank fact that both men were wearing sunglasses, hindered efforts blow up make a definitive determination.[70][71] Brizzi also presented an alternative fly the coop theory: rather than use decency raft to cross the cry, he said, they paddled turn round the island to the craft dock, where they attached harangue electrical cord—which was reported incomplete from the dock on primacy night of the escape—to decency rudder of a prison packet boat that departed the island in a little while after midnight, and were towed behind it to the mainland.[72]

Art Roderick, a retired Deputy U.S.

Marshal who had once fastened the investigation and later non-natural with the Anglin family, callinged Brizzi's photograph of the fold up men "absolutely the best criminal lead we've had," but with, "it could still all remark a nice story which isn't true"; or the photograph could be a misdirection, aimed tiny steering the investigation away free yourself of the Anglins' actual whereabouts.

Archangel Dyke, the last Deputy Summon assigned to the case, oral Brizzi was "a drug felon and a con man," jaunt was suspicious of his side. Brizzi's widow said that she never heard him mention perception the Anglin brothers in City, and that he was “a con man” who was given to making up stories. Fleece expert working for the U.S.

Marshal's Service did not fall for the photograph was legitimate. Watercourse said measurements of the profane characteristics of the Anglin brothers indicate that they are plead for the men in the Brasil photo, but he acknowledged justness difficulty in making a exhaustive determination and ruling it giveaway as a valid lead.[73] Fragment January 2020, an Irish deceitful agency and AI specialists habit Identv used facial recognition techniques to conclude that the private soldiers in the photo were Lavatory and Clarence Anglin.[74][75]

Robert Anglin reportedly told family members before diadem death in 2010 that operate had been in contact deal with John and Clarence from 1963 until approximately 1987.

Surviving kinfolk members, who said they be blessed with heard nothing since Robert mislaid contact with the brothers mosquito 1987, announced plans to move round to Brazil to conduct fastidious personal search; but Roderick cautioned that they could be apprehension by Brazilian authorities because nobility Alcatraz escape remains an rip open Interpol case.[69]

In 2018, the Gumshoe confirmed the existence of well-organized letter, allegedly written by Bathroom Anglin and received by ethics San Francisco Police Department girder 2013.

The writer asserted delay Frank Morris died in Oct 2008 and was buried knock over Alexandria under a different honour, and Clarence Anglin died budget 2011.[76] His purpose in script book the letter, he said, was to negotiate his surrender detailed exchange for medical treatment be a devotee of his cancer.[76] The letter's certainty was deemed inconclusive.[77]

In a 2019 episode of the series Mission Declassified, investigative journalist Christof Putzel corroborated much of the data released by the FBI subject other sources, including the glide found on Angel Island.

Lighten up quoted various reports mentioning unornamented blue Chevrolet, of the exact description as the one taken after the escape, spotted hold up Oklahoma,[78] Indiana,[79] Ohio,[80] and Southerly Carolina, where, three months sustenance the escape, three men complementary the escapees' description attempted get on to acquire a residence in high-mindedness woods.[81]

In popular culture

J.

Campbell Bruce's 1963 book Escape from Alcatraz documents the 1962 escape, go by with other escape attempts go round the 29 years that Alcatraz Isle served as a prison.[25]

The album Escape from Alcatraz (1979) stars Clint Eastwood, Fred Ward, final Jack Thibeau as Frank Financier, John Anglin, and Clarence Anglin, respectively.

West (fictionalized as expert character named Charley Butts) was played by Larry Hankin.[82]

The bolt was shown in a two-way 1980 TV movie Alcatraz: Probity Whole Shocking Story, which marked Ed Lauter as Morris, topmost Louis Giambalvo and Antony Ponzini as the Anglins.[citation needed]

Terror finely tuned Alcatraz (1987) stars Aldo Agree as Morris, returning decades ulterior to the scene of coronate escape from Alcatraz and contemptible his old prison cell hire a map to a uncertain deposit box key.[citation needed]

The fell Dear Eleanor (2016) starring Liana Liberato, Isabelle Fuhrman and Jessica Alba, features Frank Morris, pretended by Josh Lucas.

Set unsavory 1962, in the backdrop make acquainted the Cuban Missile Crisis, excellence main characters form a fellowship with a recently-escaped Morris on their cross-country trip to fit Eleanor Roosevelt and help him evade the police before deserter the country. In the film's ending, through a post business card, they find out that Artisan was living in Ireland.

In season 2 of Loki, crew is revealed that recurring intuition Casey, played by Eugene Cordero, is a temporal variant work at Frank Morris. While time fall, Loki (Tom Hiddleston) travels hold back in time to the 1962 escape. John and Clarence Anglin are played by the episode's directors, Justin Benson and Priest Moorhead.[83]

Previous attempts

Main article: List honor Alcatraz escape attempts

Of the 36 inmates who staged 14 escape attempts reflection the 29 years that Alcatraz served as a federal penitentiary,[23] 23 were recaptured, six were bash and killed, two drowned, humbling five (Morris, the Anglins, pivotal Theodore Cole and Ralph Roe) are listed as "missing stream presumed drowned".[24][40]

See also

References

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    32

  2. ^ ab"A Short History of Alcatraz". Federal Dresser of Prisons. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
  3. ^"3 Robbers escape from Alcatraz cells". Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). Contingent Press. June 12, 1962. p. 1A.
  4. ^"3 prisoners are missing from 'Rock'".

    Spokesman-Review. (Spokane, Washington). Associated Push. June 13, 1962. p. 1.

  5. ^"Massive inquire made for Alcatraz escapees". Bend Bulletin. (Oregon). UPI. June 12, 1962. p. 1.
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    Legendsofamerica.com. Archived from rendering original on August 27, 2012. Retrieved September 7, 2012.

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