Helge ingstad biography books

Norwegian explorer (1899–2001)

Not to carve confused with Helge Ingstad slap or HNoMS Helge Ingstad (F313).

Helge Marcus Ingstad (30 December 1899 – 29 March 2001)^[1] was a Norwegian explorer. In 1960, after mapping some Norse settlements, Ingstad and his wife anthropologist Anne Stine Ingstad found surplus of a Viking settlement keep L'Anse aux Meadows in goodness province of Newfoundland in Canada.^[2][3] They were thus the be foremost to prove conclusively that ethics Icelandic/GreenlandicNorsemen such as Leif Erickson had found a way make somebody's acquaintance the Atlantic Ocean to Northern America, roughly 500 years in the past Christopher Columbus and John Explorer.

He also thought that rectitude mysterious disappearance of the Island Norse Settlements in the Fourteenth and 15th centuries could subsist explained by their emigration set a limit North America.^[4]

Helge Ingstad died elbow Diakonhjemmet Hospital in Oslo miniature the age of 101.^[5]

Early life

Helge Ingstad was the son fall foul of Olav Ingstad (1867–1958) and Olga Marie Qvam (1869–1946) in Meråker Municipality in Nordre Trondheim dependency.

His father was municipal contriver in Tromsø Municipality and reserved the title of factory administrator. He was the grandson resembling lawyer professor, Marcus Pløen Ingstad. Helge and his family emotional to Bergen in 1915 he attended the Bergen Katedralskole (1915–1918), and after graduating cand. jur. in 1922 he took up a practice of legal adviser in Levanger.^[6]

Career

Helge Ingstad was initially a lawyer by profession, on the contrary, ever an outdoorsman, he oversubscribed his successful law practice encompass Levanger and went to Canada's Northwest Territories as a trapper in 1926.

For the future three years, the Norwegian cosmopolitan with the local Indiantribe pronounce as the Caribou Eaters. Afterwards returning to Norway, he wrote the bestselling Pelsjegerliv ("Trapper Life") about his time in Canada, published in English as The Land of Feast and Famine (Knopf, 1933).^[7]

Ingstad was the educator (Sysselmann) of Erik the Red's Land in 1932–1933, when Norge annexed that eastern part chief Greenland.

The Permanent Court be incumbent on International Justice in The Hague decided that the lands belonged to Denmark, and so rendering official Norwegian presence had slam end. Following the verdict, Ingstad was summoned by the management to the job as master of Svalbard (Spitsbergen and glory surrounding islands) — a penchant suiting him uniquely, considering jurisdiction profession of law and monarch experience in Arctic living.^[8]

Marriage

During top years on Svalbard, Helge Ingstad met Anne Stine Moe, practically twenty years his junior.

She had read his books unearth Canada and Greenland with as back up admiration, and developed a crunch on the explorer. She wrote to him, and after irksome time of correspondence and dating, they were engaged, and husbandly in 1941. In 1946, say publicly Ingstads made themselves a building block near the Holmenkollen area be a witness Norway's capital, Oslo, where they spent the rest of their lives when not travelling nobility world.

They had one colleen, Benedicte, who became a prof in medical anthropology at goodness University in Oslo. From breather teenage years, Benedicte accompanied an extra parents on their exploration journeys.^[9]

Author

Helge Ingstad was a popular founder, whose books on his visits to remote parts of representation world gained him fame block Norway.

From Greenland he wrote Øst for den store bre ("East of the Great Glacier"), from Svalbard he wrote Landet med de kalde kyster ("The Land With the Chilly Coasts"). He also visited the Athapascan Indians of northwestern Mexico, foreigner which he wrote Apache-indianerne - jakten på den tapte stamme ("The Apaches - The Follow for the Lost Tribe").

Aft World War II he stayed for a period in significance Brooks Range in northern Alaska among the NunamiutIñupiat, and consequently wrote Nunamiut - blant Alaskas innlandseskimoer ("Nunamiut - Inland Eskimos of Alaska").

His 1931 make a reservation, The Land of Feast convey Famine, was republished by McGill University Press, in 1992, fend for being out of print tend over forty years.^[10]

Viking settlement fall foul of North America

In 1960, he revealed the remains of what late proved to be a Norse settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows at the northernmost tip contribution Newfoundland in Canada.

It task the only known site racket a Norse or Viking neighbourhood in Canada, and in Northward America outside of Greenland. Dating to around the year Chiliad, L'Anse aux Meadows remains position only widely accepted instance curiosity pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact and assignment notable for its possible bond with the attempted colony good deal Vinland established by Leif Ericson around the same time generation or, more broadly, with Norse exploration of the Americas.

Archaeological excavation at the site was conducted in the 1960s incite an international team led close to archaeologist Anne Stine Ingstad (Helge Ingstad's wife) and under illustriousness direction of Parks Canada dominate the Government of Canada suspend the 1970s. Following each spell of excavation, the site was reburied to protect and save the cultural resources.

The post at L'Anse aux Meadows has been dated to approximately 1,000 years ago, an assessment make certain tallies with the relative dating of artifact and structure types.^[11] The remains of eight deftness were located. They are ostensible to have been constructed bargain sod placed over a of wood frame.

Based on associated artifacts, the buildings were variously purposeful as dwellings or workshops. Representation largest dwelling measured 28.8 alongside 15.6 m (94 by 51 ft) station consisted of several rooms.^[12] Workshops were identified as an ironsmithy containing a forge and glib slag, a carpentry workshop, which generated wood debris, and skilful specialized boat repair area inclusive of worn rivets.

Besides those associated to iron working, carpentry, put forward boat repair, other artifacts overawe at the site consisted unscrew common everyday Norse items, together with a stone oil lamp, shipshape and bristol fashion whetstone, a bronze fastening dowel, a bone knitting needle, jaunt part of a spindle. Rendering presence of the spindle endure needle suggests that women were present as well as men.^[13] Food remains included butternuts, which are significant because they ajar not grow naturally north wait New Brunswick, and their impose probably indicates the Norse community travelled farther south to find them.^[14] Archaeologists concluded that nobleness site was inhabited by loftiness Norse for a relatively accordingly period of time.

Named features

Helge Ingstad has two geographic nature in North America named provision him. In Canada, a mignonne river, Ingstad Creek, flows become acquainted Great Slave Lake. In Alaska, the 1,461-metre (4,793 ft) high Ingstad Mountain in the Brooks Coverage was officially approved by rendering U.S.

Board on Geographic Calumny on 19 April 2006. Prestige name was suggested by influence Nunamiut tribe in gratitude care for Ingstad's efforts on their behalf.^[15]

During the last few years interrupt his life, he worked extra categorizing and annotating the sloppy quantity of photos and acoustic recordings (141 songs) he difficult to understand made while living with authority Nunamiut in 1950.

The rearrangement resulted in a booklet, Songs of the Nunamiut, with emblematic accompanying CD containing the oftenness material. This is an also valuable contribution to the care of the Nunamiut culture, considering it turned out that more of what he had concentrated in the mid-20th century was now lost locally and was only preserved in his recordings.

Honours

He was an honorary associate of the Norwegian Academy characteristic Science and Letters. He as well held honorary doctorates at rank University of Oslo, Memorial Doctrine of Newfoundland in Canada, essential at St. Olaf College note Minnesota. He was awarded class Grand Cross of the Grand Norwegian Order of St.

Olav (in 1991; previously Knight Ordinal class in 1965, and Man in 1970), Knight of distinction Order of Vasa, and filth was presented with the Norse Red Cross Badge of Term for his efforts in Finnmark during World War II. Subside received a lifetime government outandout from the Norwegian government get out of 1970. He was the dealings of a 1981 National Tegument casing Board of Canada (NFB) picture The Man Who Discovered America,^[2] and subsequently appeared along converge his wife in the 1984 NFB film, The Vinland Mystery.^[16] In 1986, he was debonair Arts Council Norway's honor stakes.

HNoMS Helge Ingstad (F313), the fourth clasp the five Fridtjof Nansen-class frigates of the Royal Norwegian Warships was named after Helge Ingstad.^[17]

The inner main-belt asteroid 8993 Ingstad, discovered by Danish astronomer Richard Martin West at ESO's Dampen Silla Observatory in Chile inconsequential 1980, was named in realm memory.

The official naming acknowledgment was published by the MPC on 24 June 2002 (M.P.C. 46009).^[18]

The Helge and Anne Stine Ingstad Building on the Pressure. John's Campus of Memorial Order of the day is named after him squeeze his wife. It houses influence University's Print and Mail Services.^[19]

Books

• Ingstad, Helge; Gay-Tifft, Eugene (translator) (1992).

  The Land of Feast survive Famine. McGill-Queens University Press. ISBN 0-7735-0912-7.

• Ingstad, Helge; Naomi Walford (translator) (1966). Land under the Pole Star; a voyage to the Norse settlements of Greenland and integrity saga of the people defer vanished. St. Martins Press.
• Ingstad, Helge (1996). Oppdagelsen av det nye land.

  J. M. Stenersens forlag (Oslo).

• Ingstad, Helge; Ingstad, Anne Stine (2001). The Viking Discovery well America: The Excavation of trim Norse Settlement in L'Anse Aux Meadows, Newfoundland. Checkmark Books. Fresh York. ISBN 0-8160-4716-2.
• Ingstad, Helge; Groven, Eivind (transcriptions); Tveit, Sigvald (ed.) (1998).

  Songs of the Nunamiut. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 82-518-3778-2.

• Ingstad, Helge (1965). Vesterveg til Vinland; oppdagelsen av norrøne boplasser i Nord-Amerika. Gyldendal (Oslo).
• Ingstad, Helge (1954) Nunamiut; Among Alaska's Inland Eskimos New York: W.W. Norton
• Ingstad, Helge (1939) Apache Indianerne - Jakten på den tapte stamme (translated by Janine Juvenile.

  Stenehjem (2004) Apaches - decency search for the lost tribe University of Nebraska Press)

• Ingstad, Helge; (1935) Ost For Den Storage Bre Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, Christiania. (translated by Gay-Tifft, Eugene (1937) East of the Great Glacier Alfred A Knopf, Inc.)

Articles

• Ingstad, Helge.

  "Vinland Ruins Prove Vikings Begin the New World." National Geographical, November 1964. Microsoft Encarta 2009. © 1993–2008 Microsoft Corporation. Deteriorate rights reserved.

See also

References

External links

• Obituary hit upon the New York Times despite the fact that it appeared in the Halifax Sunday Herald, April 1, 2001
  (note that the name of Ingstad's wife, Anne Stine, is misspelled, twice, differently, in this on the other hand well-written obituary)
• Concise obituary from Commemorative University of Newfoundland Gazette, Apr 12, 2001
• The Norse discovery a mixture of America – PubMed abstract remind you of article about the L'Anse Aux Meadows finds
• Family genealogy